我国粮食生产不同功能区粮食生产效率的比较研究

采用2007—2015年全国及各省、自治区和直辖市面板数据,构建粮食生产投入、产出和外部环境要素指标,运用三阶段DEA模型测度我国各区域的粮食生产效率,重点研究粮食主产区和主销区粮食生产效率的差异和产生差异的原因。测度经济和社会等外部环境要素对粮食生产不同功能区粮食生产投入要素的影响方向和影响程度,以及剥离外部环境要素后粮食主产区和主销区粮食生产效率的变化特征和变动趋势。结果表明:从每个环境指标的单项影响看,同一环境要素对不同功能区的各投入要素的影响方向和强度有差异。从环境要素指标的总体影响看,经济和社会等外部环境要素对粮食主产区粮食生产效率的作用强度小,对粮食主销区的粮食生产效率作用强度大。但是影响方向相反,粮食主产区剥离环境要素后粮食生产效率增加,粮食主销区剥离环境要素后粮食生产效率下降。由此,决定了不同功能区粮食生产的要素配置效率的差异。因此,建议根据外部环境要素的影响方向和强度,结合不同功能区粮食生产的实际成本和机会成本,制定差异化的粮食生产支持政策。

Comparison of grain production efficiencies of different grain functional areas in China

Based on a provincial panel data in China from 2007 to 2015, and applying the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model with the grain production input index, the output index and the external environment factors, this paper evaluated grain production efficiencies in different areas in China and analyzed grain production efficiency disparities and the underlying causes between main production areas and main grain sales areas. In addition, this paper also explored the external economic and social environment factors influencing grain production input and efficiency changing trends by the method of striping analysis of external environment factors. Results show that 1) same environmental factor has different impact directions and intensities on input index among different functional areas; 2) the external economic and social environment factors have more significant influences upon production efficiency in main grain sales areas than that in main grain production areas; and 3) the production efficiency increases in main grain production areas after removing environmental factors, while the production efficiency decreases in main grain sales areas after removing environmental factors. In the view of diverse production element characteristics in different functional areas, this paper suggests that the Government should develop more differential grain production support policies based on the different external environment factors and production input elements in different areas.