海南儋州橡胶林物种组成及群落特征研究

按照美国史密森热带研究所1980年在巴拿马Barro Colorado Island地区建立50 hm2样地的技术规范，2012年在海南儋州橡胶林中建立1 hm2动态监测样地，通过对样地植被的野外调查，研究橡胶林的植物种类组成与群落特征。结果表明，1）1 hm2橡胶林样地内共有植物69科155属183种，群落较大的科（物种数量较多）有5个，分别为茜草科、大戟科、禾本科、菊科和桑科。与西双版纳热带森林相比，橡胶林群落草本植物多样性较高且盖度较大。2）橡胶林群落结构简单，可为乔木层、灌木层和草本层，与其他热带森林不同，橡胶林群落乔木层仅含1层，灌木层植物较少，草本层发达，无散生巨树、附生、寄生植物种类较少。3）橡胶林群落的叶级普以小型叶和中型叶为主（75.9％）；叶型以单叶比例较高（75.6％），叶缘以全缘叶为主（65.0％）；叶质以纸质为主（61.2％）。海南橡胶林群落的叶质、叶缘、叶型普与海南和西双版纳热带森林完全不同，具体表现为革质叶、全缘叶和小型叶比例较低，而纸质叶、非全缘叶和中大型叶比例较高，反应出海南橡胶林群落的湿润和热带性质。

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Rubber Forest in Danzhou,Hainan Island

In 1980,the technical specifications of 50 hm2 plots were built in the tropical forest of Barro Colo-rado Island in Panama by Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.According to this technical specification,an ar-ea of 1 hm2 rubber forest was selected as dynamic monitoring plot to analyze the species composition and community characteristics in Danzhou,Hainan in 2012.The results showed that：（1 ）there were 183 species,belonging to 155 genera and 69 families in the 1 hm2 rubber forest plot.There were five dominant families （having more spe-cies）,i.e.Rubiaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Gramineae,Asteraceae and Moraceae.Compared with tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna,rubber forest showed more diversity and high cover of herb species.（2）Community structure of rubber forest was very simple,only including three layers：tree laye,shrub layer and herb layer.Rubber forest was different from other tropical forests in that there were only one canopy layer,less species in the shrub layer,and less epiphytes,parasitic species,but there were more species in the herb layer.（3 ）Microphyllous and Mesophyl-lous leaves accounted 75.9% of total species.Single leaf （75.6%）,entire leaves （65.0%）,papery leaf （61.2%）dominated the rubber forest.The leaf size,leaf type and leaf texture of rubber were completely different from tropical forests in Hainan and Xishuangbanna.The percentage of leathery leaf,entire leaf and microphyllous leaf was low,but the percentage of papery leaves,non-entire leaves and mesophyllous leaves and macrophyllous leaves was relative higher,which was reflecting the moist and tropical nature of the rubber forest in Hainan.