佛山市“三生”用地演变及其驱动因素分析

本文以佛山市为例,利用1990、2000和2016年3期遥感解译数据,建立了基于主导功能的“三生”用地分类体系,借助基尼系数、ESDA、景观格局指数、主成分分析法等方法揭示了经济快速发展地区“三生”用地的演变特征与驱动因素。结果表明:1)1990—2016年,佛山市“三生”用地发生变化面积为1 426.53km2,占土地总面积的37.56%,生活用地持续增加,生产用地显著减少,生态用地保持稳定;2)佛山市生产用地的镇域分布最为均匀,生活用地、生态用地分布差异较大;1990—2016年,生产用地增加、生活用地减少、生态用地增加与减少的全局Moran’s I指数分别为0.212 1、0.144 0、0.401 5和0.260 3,空间分布正相关性显著,呈现出相邻镇街的集中分布,而生产用地减少、生活用地增加的镇域集聚效果不明显;3)1990—2016年,佛山市“三生”用地景观分离度指数、香农多样性和香农均匀度指数分别由3.384 9、0.860 3和0.783 1增至8.259 5、1.083 4和0.986 1,景观异质性增强,空间结构趋于复杂;4)坡度、高程和土壤条件对佛山市生产、生活用地的演变和分布限制性作用较强,对生态用地影响较弱;经济发展、产业结构、居民生活、人口和交通运输是导致佛山市“三生”用地演变的主要社会经济因素。

Analysis on the evolution and its driving factors of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City

Taking Foshan City as an example, this study established a production-living-ecological land classification system based on the dominant function by using remote sensing interpretation data from 1990, 2000 and 2016. This study also identified the evolution features and driving factors of the production-living-ecological land in areas with rapid economic development by means of Gini Coefficient, ESDA, landscape pattern index, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the varying area of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City was 1426.53 km2 from 1990 to 2016, accounting for 37.56% of the total area. Living land continued to increase; production land reduced significantly; and ecological land was relatively stable. The town field distribution of production land in Foshan City was the most uniform. The distribution of living land and ecological land was quite different. From 1990 to 2016, the global Moran''s I index of increased production land, decreased living land, increased and decreased ecological land were 0.212 1, 0.144 0, 0.401 5 and 0.260 3, respectively. The spatial distribution patterns were positively correlated, showing the concentrated distribution of adjacent towns. However, the agglomeration effect of decreased production land and increased living land was not obvious. From 1990 to 2006, the splitting index, Shannon diversity, and Shannon evenness index of production-living-ecological land landscape in Foshan City increased from 3.384 9, 0.860 3, 0.783 1 to 8.259 5, 1.083 4, 0.986 1 respectively. This indicated that landscape heterogeneity increased, and the spatial structure was more sophisticated. Slope, elevation and soil conditions had a strong restrictive effect on the evolution and distribution of production and living land in Foshan City, and a weak impact on ecological land. Economic development, industrial structure, residents'' lives, population, and transportation were the main social and economic factors that lead to the evolution of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City.