轮式刚柔耦合减损玉米摘穗割台的设计与参数优化

为解决玉米收获机械摘穗割台籽粒损失率高的问题,该文提出利用刚柔耦合原理进行割台减损的方法。通过对摘穗过程中的果穗和籽粒进行受力分析,理论计算果穗的碰撞过程,确定改变摘穗接触部件的结构和材料,以降低籽粒损失;设计了轮式刚柔耦合减损摘穗装置,对摘穗轮进行了受力分析,依据受力分析结果及尺寸边界条件确定了摘穗轮、支架及缓冲弹簧的结构尺寸;在拉茎辊转速、摘穗轮半径、柔性体厚度三因素下,进行了三因素三水平Box-Behnken响应曲面分析法的试验设计;通过试验建立了籽粒损失率与三因素的回归数学模型,确定轮式刚柔耦合摘穗机构最优参数为:拉茎辊转速700 r/min,摘穗轮半径15 mm,柔性体厚度4 mm;在籽粒含水率为21.8%、16.7%和13.4%下,进行了轮式刚柔耦合摘穗机构和板式摘穗机构的对比试验,籽粒损失率分别降低了53.4%、48.6%和47.0%。该研究为改进玉米收获机械割台提供了理论依据和设计参考。

Design and parameter optimization of corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device to reduce loss

Grain loss rate is one of the most important performance index of corn head in mechanized harvesting. Seed harvesting is the main development direction of mechanized corn harvesting. The characters of seed harvesting corn variaty increased the urgency to reduce grain loss on corn head. The paper was proposed to solve the problem of grain loss on corn head. Theoretical analysis was conducted to the snapping process. Corn ear was subjected to pull force by the snapping rolls and the pull force transferred by corn stalk. Corn kernels were divided into 2 types due to their force condition. A kernel at the bottom end of corn ear was subjected to reaction forces by stripper plates, corn cob and the adjacent kernels and shear force by the pedicel. Kernels out of contact with the stripper plates were subjected to reaction forces by the adjacent kernels, pull force and shear force by corn cob. As the impact force was related to the impact time according to the theorem of impulse, the paper analyzed collision model between corn ear and stripper plates in the snapping process. A mathematical model was obtained about the impact time and intrinsic parameters of the system. The impact time was dependent on system mass, stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient, which laid on the mechanical structure and materials of collision objects. So, the impact force would decrease as the impact time could be prolonged by reducing the stiffness coefficient and raising the damping coefficient. The quantity of shed kernels could be reduced consequently. The paper proposed a corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device to reduce loss. The corn head consisted of the frame, gear-box, snapping rolls, gathering chain, wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device, and chain wheels. The wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device consisted of snapping wheel axle, spring seat axle, supporting axle, buffer spring, and snapping wheel frame. Force analysis was conducted on the snapping wheel. According to the force conditions and dimension boundary condition, the structure diameters of snapping wheel, snapping wheel frame, and buffer spring were confirmed. In order to obtain the optimal parameters with the minimum loss rate of wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device, the optimization experiments were conducted of the factors at 3 different levels. In the optimization experiments, the snapping wheel radius was designed at 10, 15 and 20 mm respectively, the flexible body thickness was at 2, 4 and 6 mm respectively, the snapping rolls rotating speed at 700, 800 and 900 r/min respectively. The Response Surface Analysis method was used to design the experiments. The software Design-Expert 8.0.6.1 was used to analyze the data. Regression equation was induced according to the experiment and analysis above. The optimal combination of wheel type coupling snapping device was as follows: The snapping rolls rotating speed was 700 r/min, the snapping wheel radius was 15 mm, the flexible body thickness was 4 mm. Verification contrast test was conducted between corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device and the one with snapping rolls and stripper plates on corns at different moisture contents. As the kernels moisture contents were 21.8%, 16.7% and 13.4%, the grain loss rate decreased 53.4%, 48.6% and 47.0% respectively. This study provides not only theoretical basis but also design reference for the improvement of corn harvester design.