都市农业区发展特征与实现乡村振兴的对策措施研究

区域间不平衡不充分发展的问题是我国现阶段社会主要矛盾的表现形式之一,其中都市农业区与城区的差异表现更为突出,为此乡村振兴的需求也较为迫切。基于都市农业区农业和农村的特征分析,本文探讨都市农业区乡村振兴的对策措施。研究表明,都市农业区发展生产型农业劣势明显、乡村社会治理复杂性强、可选农业类型少、农民增收压力大。同时,这一区域也有土地流转率高、农业多功能化发展环境好、农业专业化和商品化程度高等优势。为此,从突破都市型农业发展劣势、缩小城乡居民收入差距、缩小城市与乡村建设差距这些目标出发,应进一步从科学规划设计、体制机制建设、农业发展方向、社会保障制度和基础设施建设等方面提出都市农业区乡村振兴实现的对策措施。落实乡村振兴战略,需要顶层部署,从社会、经济、政策制度、技术方法等层面综合统一落实,发挥政府、村民、农业从业者、社会等各类主体的作用,通过实践破解关键难题,才能突破性的实现乡村振兴目标。

The characteristic analysis and strategies discussion on rural vitalization for suburb agricultural areas

Regional imbalance is one of the key challenges in China at present stage. Compared to the unbalanced development on other adjacent areas, the differences between Suburb Agricultural Areas (SAAs) and Urban areas are even greater that make rural vitalization in these areas more imperative. Compared to the typical rural areas, the SAAs are characterized by its comparative disadvantages in developing agriculture due to its relative high opportunity costs for land and labor, thus less choices for alternative agriculture, more complicated rural social governance structure due to the relative high inflow of immigrants, and larger income gap between urban and rural residents. However, the SAAs do have advantages in development as they are closer to urban areas where much of food consumption and innovations are taking place. There is the better development environment for multifunctional agriculture and more active rural land rental market, so the higher degrees of agricultural specialization and commercialization are possible. Based on these, the potential and strategies on Rural Vitalization for SAAs are discussed in the paper. Land consolidation, scale farming via land rental system and more practical supporting system are regarded as keys for agricultural development in SAAs. In the rural development in SAAs, the coordinated development between industry and agriculture and between rural and urban should be the focus. Development of fair and effective Social Security System and services including infrastructure are the keys in these strategies to reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents and reduce the service and infrastructure gap between urban and rural areas. In the management of rural revitalization strategy, a dual way system of combining top down and bottom up approaches to mobilize all resources from governments and grassroots societies will be essential.