高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出实现路径与政策建议

乡村振兴战略亟需农村人才、科学技术、社会服务等方面的深化改革,其中人才是知识的载体,"知识"是农村建设和发展的核心要素;高校作为知识的生产者和创新者,服务于农村建设和发展是时代赋予的光荣使命。基于三螺旋理论和乡村振兴战略背景,从知识溢出视角出发,以江苏省农村经济组织和基层政府为研究对象,分析高校在服务乡村振兴战略过程中的知识溢出,探讨知识溢出的主体、动机、过程和实现路径。结果表明,高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出是动态循环的过程,包含了显性知识和隐性知识两种方式,知识的需求与匹配程度决定了三螺旋演化路径;高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出绩效受知识源因素、农村行政组织和农村经济组织的吸收能力以及高校与农村之间溢出途径等相关因素的影响。研究表明,加强面向乡村振兴的高校人力资本流动、助力乡村振兴的官产学合作、促进高校与农村组织的知识交流和人才共享等三条路径可以保障高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出效率,优化当前政策机制。因此,建议在知识源层面,注重提高知识的供需匹配度;在知识接收方层面,努力培养高素质的新型职业农民;在溢出环境方面,构建合作平台与制度环境。

The implementation path and policy suggestions for knowledge spillover from colleges serving rural revitalization

Rural revitalization strategy needs further reforms of rural talents, science and technology, and social services urgently. Among these, talents are the carrier of knowledge, while knowledge is the core factor of rural revitalization. As the producer and innovator of knowledge, colleges serve the rural construction and development is the glorious mission entrusted by the times. Based on the triple helix theory and the background of rural revitalization strategy, this paper takes Jiangsu rural economic organizations and grass-roots governments as the research object, and analyzes the knowledge spillover in the process of serving rural revitalization strategy in colleges, explores the subject, motivation, process and realization path of knowledge spillover from the perspective of knowledge spillover. The results show that knowledge spillover from colleges to rural revitalization is a dynamic process, which includes explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, the demand and matching degree of knowledge determine the three-helix evolution path. The knowledge spillover performance of colleges in serving rural revitalization was influenced by factors such as knowledge sources, absorptive capacity of rural administrative organizations and rural economic organizations, and spillover channels between colleges and rural areas. The research shows that the three paths of promoting the flow of human capital in colleges facing rural revitalization, the cooperation of Government-Industry-College, the knowledge exchange between colleges and rural organizations and the sharing of talents can guarantee the knowledge spillover efficiency of colleges serving rural revitalization and optimize the current policy mechanism. Therefore, it is suggested that at the level of knowledge sources, attention should be paid to improving the matching degree between supply and demand of knowledge; at the level of knowledge receivers, efforts should be made to train high-quality new-type professional farmers; and at the aspect of spillover environment, cooperative platforms and institutional environment should be constructed.