齿盘式棉秆收获机的设计

为提高棉花秸秆机械化回收水平,研究不同参数对棉秆机械化回收的影响,解决棉秆收获机漏拔、拔断率高等突出问题,该文研究设计了一种齿盘式棉秆收获机。齿盘式棉秆收获机由悬挂装置、限深轮、拔秆装置、排秆装置、液压系统组成。该机关键部件为齿盘式拔秆装置,作业时通过齿盘将棉秆起出,随后通过排秆装置将棉秆排至地表。棉秆的漏拔率、拔断率是评价齿盘式棉秆收获机作业性能的主要指标,通过Box-Behnken的中心组合试验方法对齿盘式棉秆收获机的工作参数进行研究,设计了三因素三水平二次回归正交试验,以齿盘的直径、齿盘速比、起拔高度为影响因素,建立响应面三维模型。分析得出各因素对作业质量的影响,同时对影响因素进行综合优化。结果表明:起拔高度、齿盘速比对棉秆拔断率影响显著(P0.01),起拔高度、齿盘直径及齿盘速比对棉秆漏拔率影响显著(P0.01),优化后的最优工作参数组合为起拔高度66.2 mm、齿盘直径627.59 mm、齿盘速比0.57。大田试验结果表明,在工作参数为起拔高度70 mm、齿盘直径630 mm、齿盘速比0.57作业条件下,棉秆拔断率达到1.5%,棉秆漏拔率3.0%,与理论推导值对比误差均小于4%。研究结果可为齿盘式棉秆收获机的结构完善设计和作业参数优化提供参考。

Design of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester

Cotton stalk is an important renewable resource. China is rich in cotton stalk, if such a large amount of resources are recycled, it will produce huge economic benefits. But most of them are not recycled at present. In order to improve the mechanized recovery level of cotton stalk, study the influence of different parameters on the mechanized recovery of cotton stalk, and solve the outstanding problems such as high cotton stalk plucking rate and high cotton stalk leakage rate, this paper studied and designed a toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. The machine was consisted of suspension device, limit wheel, pull-out tooth plate, stalk discharge device, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic control box. The key component of the machine was a toothed disc type stalk pulling device. During operation, the cotton stalk was lifted out through the toothed disc, and then the cotton stalk was discharged to the surface through the stalk discharge device. Leakage rate and plucking rate of cotton stalk were the main parameters to evaluate the performance of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. In this paper, Box-benhnken central combination test method was used to study the working parameters of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. Three-factor and three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was designed. The three-dimensional model of response surface was established with the diameter of the toothed disc, the toothed disc speed ratio and the lifting height as the influencing factors. The influence of each factor on the quality of work was analyzed, and the influencing factors were optimized synthetically. The results showed that the lifting height and the toothed disc speed ratio had significant effects on the cotton stalk plucking rate (P< 0.01), while the lifting height, the diameter of the toothed disc and the toothed disc speed ratio had significant effects on the rate of cotton stalk leakage rate (P<0.01). The working parameters of the machine were deduced from the regression model optimization as follows: the lifting height was 66.2 mm, the diameter of the toothed disc was 627.59 mm, and the toothed disc speed ratio was 0.57. In November 2018, field test was carried out in the Yellow River Delta (Binzhou) National Agricultural Science and Technology Park. Test area was divided into 17 test plots, leakage rate and plucking rate of cotton stalk at each test plot were calculated. The results of the Daejeon experiment showed that when the lifting height was 70 mm, diameter of the toothed disc was 630 mm and the toothed disc speed ratio was 0.57, the cotton stalk plucking rate could reach 1.5% and the cotton stalk leakage rate was low to 3.0%. The test results showed that the theoretical results were coincident with the measuring results, and the error between them was less than 4%. The research results can provide references for the structure improvement design and operation parameters optimization of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester.