马铃薯微型种薯振动排序播种装置播种性能优化

为推动马铃薯微型种薯(简称微型薯)播种机械化的发展,在现有研究的基础上,提出基于受迫振动原理的单列排序机械化播种技术,设计马铃薯微型种薯振动排序播种装置。在对播种装置工作原理进行阐述的基础上,对投种过程进行运动学和动力学分析,阐明了振动排序播种装置播种特性,并明晰了影响播种性能的主要因素及各因素的试验取值范围。以偏心轮偏心距、驱动轴转速和种床带速度为试验因素,以重播率、漏播率和播种合格率为评价指标,对3个不同级别的微型薯为研究对象开展二次回归正交组合试验,建立各个级别下微型薯的各指标与因素间的回归数学模型,分析相关因素对播种性能参数的影响,获得合理的参数组合,并进行验证试验,结果表明:3个不同级别的微型薯在较优的试验组合下,重播率和漏播率均小于5%,播种合格率在90%以上。由此表明,该播种装置满足马铃薯播种机播种性能要求。该研究为微型薯等大颗粒种子相关播种装置的研究、设计和优化以及播种性能的提升提供参考。

Seeding performance optimization on vibration-arranging type seeding device for potato micro-seed

The offspring potato grown by potato micro-seed has the characteristic of high yield, favorable quality, high commodity rate, and so on. Furthermore, enhancing the mechanical level of potato micro-seed planting is one of the key methods to promote the development of potato micro-seed. Therefore, a mechanical planting technology and the related seeding device were developed based on the principle of forced vibration to promote the mechanical level of potato micro-seed planting. The seeding device mainly includes a seed box, a frame assembly, driving unit, single row arranging and conveying mechanism, vibratory reseeding mechanism, and so on. Firstly, the working principle of the seeding device was introduced. Then, according to the operation characteristic of the seeding device, the kinematics and dynamic analysis was conducted to analyze the process of potato micro-seed planting, which included the process of seeds'' single row sorting, vibratory reseeding, and conveying and dropping. Meanwhile, the main factors which influence the seeding performance and their test value range were determined, which were the eccentricity of eccentric wheel (EEW), revolving speed of driving shaft (RSDS) and linear speed of seed bed belt (LSSB). And then, EEW, RSDS and LSSB were chosen as experimental factors, and multiple-seeding rate (MUSI), miss-seeding rate (MISI) and qualified-seeding rate (QUSI) were chosen as evaluation indicators. Besides, the micro-seed variety Xisen 3 was selected as the material for test. Consequently, the quadratic regression orthogonal combination based on test bed was developed to test three levels of micro-seeds'' seeding property. The regression mathematical models reflecting the relationship between experimental factors and evaluation indictors in each level of micro-seed seeding property were built. The related experimental factors influencing the seeding performance were analyzed. For level 1 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MISI and QUSI both were RSDS, and for MUSI was EEW. For level 2 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MUSI was EEW, MISI was LSSB and QUSI was RSDS. For level 3 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MUSI and QUSI both were RSDS, and for MSI was RSDS. In order to obtain the good seeding operation parameters of seeding device, the optimization module of Design-Expert 8.0.6 was applied, and the theoretical value range of optimization results were calculated. Finally, the verification test in verifying the above theoretical optimization results was carried out by test bed. The results showed that for level 1 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 815 r/min and LSSB was 0.56 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 1.35%, 3.26% and 95.39%, respectively. For level 2 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 820 r/min and LSSB was 0.86 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 3.10%, 4.01% and 92.89%, respectively. For level 3 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 840 r/min and LSSB was 1.08 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 4.19%, 1.54% and 94.27%, respectively. As it was seen from the verification test results, and in the suitable experimental combination parameters of three levels micro-seeds, both of the MUSI and MISI were all below 5%, the QUSI was all above 90%. In summary, this seeding device satisfied the performance requirements of potato planter. Furthermore, this research provides reference for researching, designing and optimizing the seeding device of micro-seed and other large size crop seeds, and finally promotes the seeding performance.