1K-50型果园开沟机开沟部件功耗影响因素分析与试验

为探明1K-50型果园开沟机工作参数和双旋耕刀辊结构参数对作业功耗的影响规律,该文建立了分析开沟部件功耗的切土,运、抛土力学模型,得到了开沟部件功耗与整机工作参数、刀辊结构参数以及土壤力学性能之间的函数关系。搭建了基于土槽试验台的开沟部件功耗测试装置,模拟坚实度为950k Pa的葡萄园土壤环境,以刀辊转速、前进速度、开沟深度和刀辊型式为试验因素,进行单因素试验和多因素正交试验,测得旋耕刀辊在不同结构和工作参数下的功率消耗,得到影响开沟部件功率消耗的因素主次顺序为刀辊型式前进速度刀辊转速开沟深度,其功耗较优参数组合为采用D3型刀辊,刀辊转速为150 r/min,前进速度为0.06 m/s,开沟深度为0.15 m,测得此时开沟部件平均功耗值约为1.22 kW。将装置正交试验表中各因素值代入功耗解析式,利用MATLAB软件进行数值计算与分析,得到影响功率消耗因素的主次顺序与台架试验结果相同,求得功耗理论值与试验值的相对误差百分比最大为12.86%,最小为2.00%,验证了功耗理论模型具有较高的准确性。该研究可为机具改进和小型林果园开沟机的设计提供参考。

Analysis and experiment on influencing factors on power of ditching parts for 1K-50 orchard ditching

1K-50 orchard ditching machine with the characteristics of compact structure and convenient operation and transfer has been developed to use in the low and narrow environment of orchards in southern China, which operated in the way of double rotary tillage wheel structure and reverse rotary cutting of soil. In the application process of 1K-50 orchard ditching machine, it was found that the machine could meet the requirement of maximum ditching depth 0.5 m in orchards with small soil solidity, while in vineyards with large soil solidity, the maximum ditching depth was about 0.2 m, and there was aggravated machine vibration. It is necessary to explore the factors which have an effect on the process of cutting and throwing soil, and then optimize the working parameters and structural parameters of the knife roller. In this paper, a mechanical model of cutting, transporting and throwing soil was established to analyze the power consumption of the ditching parts, and obtain the functional relationship between the power consumption of the ditching parts and the working parameters of the whole machine, the structural parameters of the knife roller and the mechanical properties of the soil. A testing device for power consumption of trenching components based on soil tank test bench was built to simulate the soil environment of vineyard with the solidity of 950 kPa. Roller speed, forward speed, ditching depth and type of the knife roller as test factors were selected, and effects of the factors on power consumption were studied under different structural parameters and working conditions by the single factor test, and four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design. The factors affecting power consumption of ditching components in order were the type of knife rollers > forward speed > speed of knife rollers > depth of ditching. Through range analysis of data, the optimal combination of parameters for power consumption was obtained by the D3 type knife roller, the speed of the knife roller of 150 r/min, the forward speed of 0.06 m/s and the ditching depth of 0.15 m. Under the optimal combination parameters, the average power consumption of the ditching parts is about 1.22 kW. The horizontal values of each group of test factors in the orthogonal test table were substituted into the power consumption analytic formula. The power consumption values were calculated numerically by using the software of MATLAB, and the range analysis was carried out. The primary and secondary order of the factors affecting power consumption was the same as that of the bench test results. Under the same conditions, the power consumption between the numerical calculation values and the bench test values were obtained. The maximum and the minimum relative errors were 12.86% and 2.00% respectively. It verified that the theoretical model of power consumption had high accuracy. The research can provide the reference for improving the machine and designing the small-scale trencher in forest orchard.