生物质制备航空燃油级烷烃的研究进展

为降低航空燃油制备及使用过程中的碳排放,从1999—2017年已发表的56篇文献,总结生物质制备航空燃油的多条关键路径及特点,重点分析碳水化合物液相化学催化转化制航油的方法。结果表明,通过制备不同种类的平台化合物,控制缩合条件,利用碳水化合物可以制得具有较好物化性能的航油级烷烃。同时提出了一条利用木质素转化的有效路径——采用氧化预处理技术,预先活化木质素中的关键化学键,使之后续能在温和条件下高效可控降解,而后加氢脱氧得到含有合适碳数的芳烃或环烷烃。展望未来,该领域需开发温和高效的生物质预处理方法,合成高水热稳定性、廉价催化剂,降低氢气用量和反应温度,同时考虑生物质原料的整体一锅化转化,为规模化生产创造条件。

Research progress on the conversion of biomass to jet fuel ranged hydrocarbons

In order to reduce the carbon emission in the process of jet fuel preparation and utilization,this review analyzes 56 published literatures from 1999 to 2017,and summarize several key paths and their characteristics of biomass preparation of aviation fuel.Among all these routes,pathways of carbohydrates catalytic conversion in liquid phase are highlighted.The results show that carbohydrates can be used to produce aviation-range alkanes with favorable physicochemical properties by preparing different kinds of platform compounds and controlling the condensation conditions.An effective route for lignin conversion to jet fuels is also emphasized,which involves an oxidative activation of the side chains in lignin to facilitate the degradation of lignin under mild conditions,followed by the hydrodeoxygenation of the degraded products to jet fuels.Finally,several promising research directions are emphasized,including those of the development of highly efficient and mild biomass pretreatment methods,synthesis of hydrothermal stable and inexpensive catalysts that can meet comprehensive needs,reduction of hydrogen input,decrease of the reaction temperature,and conversion of biomass in a "one-pot" reaction to promote large-scale production.