华北集约化农区耕地细碎化特征及其整治模式研究——以河北曲周为例

科学准确地揭示耕地细碎化特征及其成因,因地制宜地构建耕地细碎化整治模式是降低耕地细碎化的重要手段。以华北集约化农区典型县域为研究区域,通过构建景观尺度和农户尺度耕地细碎化评价方法,在阐释耕地细碎化特征及其成因的基础上,提出耕地细碎化整治模式。结果表明:基于景观尺度和农户尺度的曲周县各乡镇耕地细碎化指标与耕地细碎化程度均具有显著的差异性,但耕地细碎化程度总体呈现由北向南依次递减的趋势,其中,曲周镇、河南疃镇和第四疃镇耕地细碎化程度较高,依庄乡耕地细碎化程度较低;基于自然细碎化和产权细碎化特征及其成因,构建以土地平整、农田水利和道路交通等土地整治工程与地块互换、地块合并和土地流转等土地权属调整方式为核心的耕地细碎化整治模式;耕地细碎化整治过程应以村集体为基本单元,重点突出农户的主体地位,还需通过中央政府和省级政府的总体控制、县级政府的指导落实、乡镇政府的沟通协调等过程。因此,耕地细碎化整治应针对细碎化类型从景观尺度和农户尺度进行综合评判,基于耕地细碎化成因从土地整治和权属调整角度进行耕地细碎化整治。

Farmland fragmentation and its managing models of the concentrated farmland in agricultural region of North China: A case study of Quzhou County in Hebei Province

It is an important measure to reduce farmland fragmentation by scientifically and accurately evaluating and revealing the characteristics and causes of farmland fragmentation and to construct a managing model of farmland fragmentation according to local conditions. Taking a typical county of intensive agriculture area in North China as an example, this paper seeks to construct an evaluation system of farmland fragmentation in landscape scale and household scale, and to build a regulation model of farmland fragmentation by the analysis of the basic characteristics and the causes of farmland fragmentation. Results show that there were significant differences between the indexes of farmland fragmentation and the degree of farmland fragmentation in Quzhou County based on landscape scale and household scale, and the degree of farmland fragmentation decreased from the north to the south. Whereas the degrees of farmland fragmentation of Quzhou, Henantuan and Disituan were higher, the degree of Yizhuang was lower. Based on the characteristics of natural fragmentation and property right fragmentation and their causes, the regulation model of land renovation projects, including land leveling, farmland water conservancy, and establishment of traffic infrastructure, and land ownership adjustment model, including land exchange, land consolidation and land circulation, were developed to reduce farmland fragmentation. The process of managing farmland fragmentation should take the village collective as the basic unit and emphasize the main position of farmers, with the overall control of the central government and provincial government, with the guidance of county-level government, and with the communication and coordination of township government. Therefore, the regulation of farmland fragmentation should be comprehensively evaluated from both landscape scale and household scale according to different farmland fragmentation types, and the regulation of farmland fragmentation should be implemented from the angle of land regulation and property right adjustment on the basis of the causes of farmland fragmentation.