Use and effectiveness of live vaccines in industrialized livestock production

There is an inseparable correlation between higher livestock performance and animal health with many visible repercussions in terms of further intensification of livestock farming. This is the background against which immunobiological action is defined as a major element of all efforts which are undertaken for the purpose of ensuring high-stability and high-continuity and no-problem production. Underlined in this paper is the great role played by legal provisions for immunisation concepts as well as by straight-forward guidance, organisation, and documentation of all uses of live vaccines. Practical experience so far obtained from the use of vaccines and its effects under conditions of industrialised livestock farming is reported in this paper, with particular reference being made to swine fever and transmissible gastro-enteritis of swine.