谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的影响

160只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成4组，分别饲喂添加0％、0.2％、0.4％和0.8％谷氨酰胺饲粮28天。每周末取鸡24只，每组6只，颈静脉放血致死，取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏，电子分析天平称重，Bouin液固定，制作石蜡切片，HE染色，光镜观察，显微摄影，研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的影响。结果为（1）试验3组1、4周龄和试验2组2、4周龄胸腺重量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验3组2周龄极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；试验2组1、2、4周龄和试验3组4周龄法氏囊重量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验3组1、2周龄极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。（2）试验组胸腺小叶增多，皮质增厚，淋巴细胞密集，髓质比例减小，胸腺小体减少、减小；法氏囊皱襞内淋巴滤泡增多，皮质增厚，滤泡内淋巴细胞增多，但对照组4周龄皱襞内淋巴滤泡急剧减少。添加0.8%谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官的作用最为明显。结果说明，日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的促进作用较为明显，对中枢淋巴器官，尤其是法氏囊的退化具有延缓作用。从组织学角度证明谷氨酰胺能够促进中枢淋巴器官的胚后发育及其内T、B淋巴细胞的增殖与分化，进而提高机体的免疫功能。

Effect of Glutamine on Post Embronic Development of Central Lymphic Organ in Broilers

160 one day old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups, and fed the basal diet supplemented 0%、0.2%、0.4% and 0.8% Gln for 28 days. Six chickens in each group and total 24 were selected and slaughtered on the weekend till fourth week. The thymus and bursa of Fabricius were obtained, weighted and fixed by Bouin liquid, made into paraffin section, stained with HE, observed by microscope and photographed by micro-projector. Studied the effect of dietary Gln (Glutamine) supplementation on post embronic development of central lymphic organs in broiler chickens. The result:（1）Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference（P<0.05）among the thymus weight of experiment 3 of one and four-week age, that of experiment 2 of two and four-week age and the weight of bursa of Fabricius of experiment 2 of one, two and four-week age, and that of experiment 3 of four-week age. There was a most signifcant difference（P<0.01） between the weight of thymus of experiment 3 of two-week age and that of control group, the weight of bursa of Fabricius of experiment 3 of one and two-week age as well. （2）The thymic lobule of experiment group increased, the thymic cortex incrassated and the lymphocyte became coarctate, the portion of thymic medulla decreased and thymic corpuscle enlarged and increased. The lymph follicule in plica of bursa of Fabricius of experiment group added, in contrast, that of control group of four-week age was greatly decreased. The cortex of bursa of Fabricius incrassated with the lymphocyte in lymph follicule increased. The most obvious effect was showed on the experiment supplemented 0.8% Gln. The result shows that diet supplemented Gln could obviously boost the post emronic development of central lymphic organ in broiler chickens. In addition, Gln could retard the degenerating in central lympic organ, especially in bursa of Fabricius. At the point of tissue structure, Gln could promote the proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocyte, and the post embronic development of central lymphic organ, furthermore enhanced immune functions of organism by this means.