The bitch uterine response to semen deposition and its modification by male accessory gland secretions |
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| Authors: | GCW England M Russo SL Freeman |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;2. Obstetric Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School, University of Naples, Napoli, Italy;1. Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;2. Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;1. Division of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;2. Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;1. Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil;2. Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA;3. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA;1. Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Cruz Del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay |
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| Abstract: | Little is known about the response of the bitch’s reproductive tract to semen deposition. In this study, an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the uterus was detected after artificial insemination, but there was normal fertility. Doppler ultrasonography showed that insemination induced an increase in uterine artery blood velocity and a decrease in the resistance index of short duration, indicating vasodilation. Semen that was extended in fluid from the sperm rich fraction of the ejaculate (seminal plasma, SP), or third fraction of the ejaculate (prostatic fluid, PF), produced a similar magnitude of effect but of longer duration. It was hypothesised that vasodilation following insemination was largely induced by SP and PF which, together with PMN influx, was part of a normal uterine response.Physiological concentrations of PMNs in vitro reduced the ability of spermatozoa to attach to uterine epithelium, most likely as a result of spermatozoa becoming attached to PMNs. However, both SP and PF increased attachment of spermatozoa to the uterine epithelium by reducing sperm attachment to PMNs, and potentially by an additional mechanism that did not involve inhibition of sperm binding to PMNs. These are the first canine studies to document an apparent physiological response by the uterus to semen, associated with uterine artery vasodilation and PMN influx. Moreover, these investigations are the first to demonstrate that canine SF and PF are part of the mechanism for increasing uterine perfusion and that both fluids have a modulatory effect on PMN-induced inhibition of spermatozoal attachment to uterine epithelium, most likely mediated by reduced sperm attachment to PMNs. |
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