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Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
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| Authors: | Krecek R C Michael L M Schantz P M Ntanjana L Smith M F Dorny P Harrison L J S Grimm F Praet N Willingham A L |
| Affiliation: | aRoss University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies bDepartment of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa cBayer Pty Ltd., Animal Health Division, P.O. Box 143, Isando 1600, South Africa dOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa eDivision of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway (F22), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA fVeterinary Services Eastern Cape Province, Department of Agriculture, DuKumbana Building, Room 832, Independence Avenue, Private Bag X0040, Bhisho 5605, Eastern Cape, South Africa gAgricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X519, Silverton, Pretoria 0127, South Africa hDepartment of Animal Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium iUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom jInstitute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland kWHO/FAO Collaborating Center for Parasitic Zoonoses, Danish Center for Experimental Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark |
| Abstract: | The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, causative organism of porcine cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis is known to occur in areas of South Africa including Eastern Cape Province but, despite increasing reports of its occurrence throughout the subregion, the prevalence is yet to be clearly established. The parasite presents a potentially serious agricultural problem and public health risk in endemic areas. The human populations considered to be at highest risk of infection with this zoonotic helminth are people living in rural areas most of whom earn their livelihood wholly or partially through livestock rearing. Here we report on initial results of a community-based study of pigs owned by resource-poor, emerging pig producers from 21 villages in the Eastern Cape Province. Lingual examination (tongue palpation) in live pigs, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which detect parasite antigen (B158/B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) assay, which detects antiparasite antibody, were used to verify endemicity and estimate apparent prevalence. In the absence of a gold standard true prevalence was obtained, using a Bayesian approach, with a model that uses both available data and prior information. Results indicate that the parasite is indeed present in the study villages and that true prevalence was 64.6%. The apparent prevalences as measured by each of the four tests were: 11.9% for lingual examination, 54.8% for B158/B60 Ag-ELISA, 40.6% for HP10 Ag-ELISA and 33.3% for EITB. This base-line knowledge of the prevalence of T. solium in pigs provides information essential to the design and monitoring of sustainable and appropriate interventions for cysticercosis prevention and control. |
| Keywords: | Porcine cysticercosis True and apparent prevalence Resource-poor pig producers Bayesian approach Eastern Cape Province South Africa Taenia solium |
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