基于北斗卫星通信的林区小气候监测系统研究

为实现无手机信号林区生态系统参数的实时监测,基于北斗卫星短报文、物联网和云存储等技术,设计了一种林区小气候实时监测系统。该系统由小气候监测站、云服务器和系统软件构成,可实现林区大气、土壤、光照和植物等多参量的实时监测、云存储、动态查询、报表生成和大数据分析。系统对森林火险天气指标的计算进行平滑处理,加入了枯枝落叶层土壤湿度火险因子,实现了森林火险天气等级预报功能,为局部林区的防火预警服务。通过2017年3—5月在北京鹫峰国家森林公园的连续测试实验,3个小气候监测站可以稳定可靠地获取11种林区小气候数据,北斗卫星传输正确率分别为98.57%、99.43%和99.59%,达到了对林区小气候进行长期实时监测的目的,通信费用低于铱星卫星通信。该系统自2016年在北京、内蒙古、河北和河南等地推广应用,为林区的生态大数据获取和分析提供服务。

Forest Microclimate Monitoring System Based on Beidou Satellite

In order to realize the real-time monitoring of ecosystem parameters in the forest with little mobile phone signal, a real-time forest microclimate monitoring system was designed based on Beidou satellite short message communication, Internet of things and cloud storage technologies. The system was composed of microclimate monitoring station, cloud server and software. The forest atmosphere, soil, sunlight and plant parameters can be real timely monitored. The system had functions such as cloud storage, dynamic query, report generation and data analysis. The calculation of forest fire weather index was smoothed and the factor of the litter layer soil humidity was supplemented to realize the forecast of the forest fire weather grade, which was used for the early warning of the local forest fire. Through the continuous experiments at Beijing Jiufeng national forest park from March to May 2017, three forest microclimate stations can obtain 11 kinds of microclimate data stably and reliably, and the success ratios of data transmission through Beidou satellite were 98.57%, 99.43% and 99.59%, respectively, successfully realizing long-term real-time monitoring. The communication fee using Beidou satellite short message communication was lower than that using Iridium SBD communication service. Since 2016, this system had been widely used for the forestry big data acquisition and analysis in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Henan provinces.