竹材主要变色菌霉菌的生长特性研究

从我国云南、广州、北京、湖南和安徽等省市采集变色霉变竹材标本,分离纯化得到78株真菌菌株,鉴定为木霉(Trichoderma spp.)、毛霉(Rhizomucor spp.)、曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)、镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、链格孢菌(Alternaria spp.)、可可毛色二孢菌(Botryosphaeria rhodina)和稻球黑孢(Nigrospora oryzae)等。选取代表性的菌株进行了生物学特性的研究。营养因子对菌株生长的影响研究表明:碳素营养和氮素营养均影响菌丝的生长及色素形成;温度条件对菌株的生长影响较大,对于大多数菌株而言,28 ℃是最适生长温度,5 ℃生长减缓甚至停滞,但未死亡, 40 ℃以上菌株的生长受到抑制甚至死亡,但个别霉菌在50 ℃仍可生长,表明竹材霉菌对极端环境有一定的适应能力;竹材霉菌变色菌对酸碱度的适应范围较广,pH值在4 - 11下皆能正常生长,最适pH值在5 - 8间;光照对菌株生长的影响不大。

Study on the Biological Characteristics of Stain Fungi and Mouldn Fungi on Bamboo Wood

78 fungal isolates, identified as Trichoderma spp., Rhizomucor spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Nigrospora oryzae and Botryosphaeria rhodina, respectively, were isolated from stained bamboo samples from North, South and Centre of China. The represent isolates were selected to conduct the biological characteristics study. The nutrition N and C had close relation to the hyphae growth and pigment secretion. Most of the fungi grew well at 28 ℃, and grew very slowly but not died at 5 ℃, at 40 ℃ grew slowly and nearly not survive. Isolate Y-50 survived and grew at 50 ℃, which showed that it had ability of surviving in extreme environment. The majority of fungi could grow at the condition of pH value 4 - 11 and the proper pH value was 5 - 8. The light factor had no significant impact on the growth of the fungi.