生存环境对雌雄树麻雀体重和基础代谢率影响的研究

目的]通过研究不同外界环境条件下雌雄树麻雀体重和基础代谢率的变化，深入了解小型鸟类应对环境的生存和繁殖对策以及繁殖期繁殖预算对生存预算的影响。方法]首先对捕获的成年树麻雀随机分为4组，即低温组5℃（12L：12D）；高温组25℃（12L：12D）；长光组25℃（16L：SD）；短光组25℃（8L：16D），在人工气候箱中进行驯化饲养28d；然后测定其体重和基础代谢率，同时通过生理解剖确定雌雄，最后进行统计分析。结果]体重差异情况，除短光组雌雄麻雀间极显著（P〈0．01）外，其他组别均差异不显著。基础代谢率情况，高温组雌雄麻雀间差异显著，低温组则不显著；高温组和低温组雌麻雀间差异极显著，而雄麻雀间有差异，但差异不显著：短先组雌雄麻雀基础代谢率均比长光组有所增加，但雌麻雀不显著，而雄麻雀增加显著（P〈0．05）。结论]不同生境条件下，雌雄麻雀通过改变体重和基础代谢率来适应不断变化的生存环境。

Study of Effect of Living Environment on Body Weight and Basal Metabolic Rate of Male and Female Tree Sparrows

Objective]The aim was to deeply understand the survival and propagation countermeasures for coping with environment by minitype birds and effect of propagation budget in breeding season on living budget through studying the change of body weight and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of male and female tree sparrows in different external environment. Method]The captured adult tree sparrows were randomly divided into 4 groups first, i.e. low temperature group at 5 ℃ (12L∶12D);high temperature group at 25 ℃ (12L∶12D);long light group at 25 ℃ (16L∶8D) and short light group at 25 ℃ (8L∶16D), the sparrows were domesticated and fed in artificial climate box for 28 d, and then their body weight and BMR were determined, meanwhile, the male and female were confirmed through physiology anatomy, and statistic analysis was conducted finally. Result]For the body weight difference, except short light group, in which male and female tree sparrows had extremely significant difference (P＜0.01), there were no evident difference in other groups. The BMR circumstances were: the difference was significant between male and female sparrows for high temperature group, and no obvious difference for that of low temperature group;the difference was extremely significant between the female sparrows in high temperature group and that in low temperature group, and there was difference between male sparrows, but not obvious. The BMR of male and female sparrows in short light group all increased slightly than that in long light group, however the female sparrows were not evident, and that of male sparrows was enhanced significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion]In various environmental conditions, male and female sparrows would adapt the living surroundings of continuous variation by changing body weight and BMR.