Influence of equine chorionic gonadotropin on weaning-to-estrus interval and estrus duration in early-weaned, primiparous, female swine

The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) influences the total nonproductive days (NPD) accumulated by the breeding herd and affects herd productivity. Short lactation lengths (LL) are commonly followed by prolonged WEI, which are also associated with short estrus duration (ED). Equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment is a tool that has been used to reduce WEI, especially for low-parity females. The objectives for this study were to evaluate the effect of LL on the association between WEI and ED and to estimate the effects of postweaning eCG administration on WEI and ED for early-weaned females. Two treatments (TREAT) consisting of 750 IU of eCG (n = 96) or control (n = 77) were applied 1 d after weaning to first-parity, weaned females. The study was conducted on a commercial farm having a target LL of 18 d. Estrus detection was conducted three times daily, and estrus duration was determined as the interval between the first and the last positive response to back pressure. Analyses of variance were conducted to estimate the effects of LL and TREAT on WEI and the effects of TREAT and WEI on estrus duration. Mean LL was 17.9+/-1.7 d, mean WEI was 106.6+/-29.2 h, and mean estrus duration was 55.9+/-15.5 h. Even though the frequency of short WEI tended to increase with longer LL, mean WEI was shortest for females weaned after 18 d and longest for those weaned after 20 d (P<.05). The WEI for females receiving eCG (98.7+/-2.7 h) was shorter (P = .0001) than that for control females (121.5+/-3.3 h). The WEI was also affected by a LL x TREAT interaction (P = .0014), indicating that the interval was longer (P<.05) for control females weaned after 17 and 20+ d than for other females. The LL and TREAT did not affect estrus duration (P = .20 and P = .157, respectively). However, estrus duration was reduced as the WEI increased (P = .0001), and it was also influenced by a WEI x TREAT interaction (P = .024). A linear regression model estimated that the association between WEI and estrus duration was stronger in the eCG group than in the control group (R2 = .51 and .15, respectively; both P<.001). In conclusion, the use of eCG postweaning was associated with more precise prediction of estrus duration as a function of the WEI and allows optimization of breeding management in early-weaned, primiparous females.