群体和氮肥运筹对冬小麦产量和蛋白质组分的影响

采用二因素和单因素随机区组设计，研究基本苗和氮肥运筹对小麦植株性状、产量和蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明，不同基本苗和施氮量的处理间株高、穂长、穂粒数和产量均有显著差异。穂长与穂粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.884**)。在播种偏晚的情况下，以基本苗较大和施氮量较多的组合（375×104/hm2，N 300 kg/hm2）产量表现最好；随基本苗增加穂长穂粒数和千粒重均逐渐减少。对产量而言，基本苗以375×104/hm2最为适宜, 但其与300×104/hm2基本苗和450×104/hm2基本苗处理的产量差异不显著。因此，生产中在偏晚的播期内，可以根据实际播种时间和地力条件，在300～450×104/hm2基本苗范围内调整。在施氮量150～300 kg//hm2范围内，随施氮量增加产量逐渐提高，处理间差异显著。在基本苗225～450×104/hm2范围内，谷蛋白和总蛋白含量均随基本苗增加呈逐渐降低的趋势，处理间差异显著；各种蛋白组分及总蛋白含量均随施氮量增加逐渐提高，除谷蛋白外，处理间差异均极显著。春5叶期追总施氮量50%的处理穂最长，穂粒数和产量最多，处理间差异显著；开花期追总施氮量50%处理的总蛋白含量最高，与春2叶期追总施氮量50%的处理差异显著。

Grain yield and protein component responses to plant density and nitrogen application strategies in winter wheat(Tritcum aestivum L.)

The effects of basic seedling and nitrogen application strategies on grain yield and protein components in winter wheat were studied using cultivar Zhongmai 175 in a randomized block design with two factors or single factor. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that plant height, spike length, the number of grains per spike and grain yield were significantly different among the treatments of the basic seedling and nitrogen application. The spike length and number of grains per spike were positively correlated (r=0.884^**). In the case of slightly late sowing, the highest grain yield was obtained in the treatment of basic seedling 375×10⁴/ha and nitrogen application 300 kg/ha. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight were reduced with the increase of the basic seedling. The grain yield was highest when the basic seedling was 375×10⁴/ha. But there was no significant difference in the grainyield between the basic seedling 300×10⁴/ha and 450×10⁴/ha, so the basic seedling could be 300–450×10⁴/ ha if sowing is slightly late, according to actual sowing date and soil fertility. The grain yield increased with nitrogen from 150 to 300 kg/ha, and was significantly different among the treatments. The glutelin and total protein content increased with the basic seedling reducing from 450–225×10⁴/ha, and they were significantly different among the treatments. The protein components and the total protein content increased with the increase of applied nitrogen, and they were significantly different (p<0.01), except glutelin, among the nitrogen treatments. It was the best in spike length, the number of grains per spike and grain yield in the treatment of topdressing 50% of total nitrogen application at 5 leaf stage, and they were significantly different among the treatments. The total protein content was highest in the treatment of topdressing 50% of total nitrogen application at anthesis, and was significantly different from the treatment of topdressing 50% of total nitrogen application at 2 leaf stage.