Solvent effects on extraction and HPLC analysis of soybean isoflavones and variations of isoflavone compositions as affected by crop season

Spring (February to June) and fall (August to December) crops of soybean grown yearly in Taiwan with reverse temperature patterns provide a novel model to assess the effect of the crop season. In this study, three soybean cultivars, namely CH 1, VS-KS 2, and HBS, were grown for 2001 fall, 2002 spring, 2003 fall, 2004 spring, 2004 fall, and 2005 spring crops. The harvested and sun-dried soybeans were lyophilized, pulverized, and stored at -25 degrees C until HPLC analyses of isoflavone compositions were performed. As affected by extraction solvent and HPLC mobile phase, the amount of isoflavones extracted by methanol-H(2)O was higher than those extracted by acetic acid-acetonitrile. In addition, when both extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis with reversed C18 column run respectively with methanol-H(2)O and acetic acid-acetonitrile mobile phases, malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, and malonylgenistin were not detected in the former phase. Accordingly, all harvested soybeans were subjected to methanol-H(2)O extraction and HPLC analysis with the acetic acid-acetonitrile mobile phase. Among the detected soybeans, daidzin, genistin, malonyldaidzin, and malonylgenistin were the majors and glycitin, malonylglycitin, daidzein, and genistein were the minors of isoflavones. As affected by crop season for each cultivar grown for 3 years, daidzin, genistin, malonyldaidzin, and malonylgenistin contents of soybeans of the fall crops were significantly higher than those of their spring crops ( p < 0.05).