海南热带天然林、桉树林和橡胶林生态效益比较分析

通过对海南热带天然林生态效益价值的核算,以及桉树林和橡胶林生态效益的研究和评述,采用5个指标对此三者的生态效益进行比较,最后发现桉树林和橡胶林与热带天然林的生态效益差异达到极其显著的水平。并据此提出加强海南林业用地规划,以及改革林权制度等政策措施和建议。

Comparison of Ecological Service among Natural forest, Rubber and Eucalyptus Plantations

Natural forest,rubber plantations and eucalyptus plantations are the three principal forest ecosystems in Hainan Island. The tropical natural forest was to some extent replaced by rubber plantations and eucalyptus plantations in 1950s to 1990s,and potential threat by the latter two and other crops to the natural forest still exists. Better understanding of the ecological service value of the three forest ecosystems will benefit the conservation of the natural forest while tapping off their ecological service sustainably. Water resource conservation,CO2 sequestration and O2 release,soil erosion control and nutrients retention were the five parameters used in the present study for the estimation of the ecological service value of the three forest ecosystems. Comparison of the ecological service value estimated found highly significant difference with F=262.23>F0.01 between the natural forest and rubber plantations and eucalyptus plantations. It is concluded that any new attempt to encroach the natural forests in Hainan Island is not advisable and should be banned to secure the sustainable management of the natural forest for the benefit not only of the local island communities but also international communities as well. Some recommendations are made with an objective to minimize human destructive interventions to the natural forest,including land use planning,forestland property right clearance and eco-compensation.