昆明地区沟谷常绿阔叶林的初步研究

昆明地区的沟谷常绿闭叶林是滇中常绿闭叶林的一种重要娄型,主要分布于非石灰岩地区。这种森林比较特殊,既不同于地带性植被——半湿润的中亚热带常绿阔叶林,比较阴湿;也不同于我国东南部湿润的中亚热带常绿阔叶林,非常缺乏金缕梅科成分。由于沟谷生境比较肥沃、湿润、温暖(尤其冬季),植物种类非常丰富,约有300多种,隶属90科200属。其中还有不少珍贵稀有的种类。值得注意的是这种森林具有粗大的木质藤木,林下植物有“花叶现象”,有高大的蕨类植物(含树蕨型)。因此明显带有南亚热带的特征。这种森林是可贵的基因库,而且在丰富昆明特有的自然景观,尤其在维持地区自然生态平衡方面具有特别重要的意义。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST IN THE VALLEY OF KUNMING REGION

The evergreen broad-leaved forest in the valley is an important type of forest in Kunming region, and it is distributed, chiefly in the non-calcareous area. The forest differs from the zonal vegetation in Kunming region the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of the semi-humid region, for the forest is situated in a moister and more shady environment, However it is also different from the humid forest in the south-eastern China, for it is absent of Hamamelidaceae. Mostly the tree layers in this foist are not very distinct, thus it possesses a clear characteristic of the coppice and secondary forest. The valley habitat is fertiler, moister and warmer (especially in winter). There are many kinds of plants i. e. about 300 species, belonging to 200 genera and 90 families. Noteworthily there are grossly woody lianas, a phenomenon of variegatedleaves among the undergrowth, and tall ferns (including tree-fernlike form) in the forest. Therefore this ravine forest has prominently some south-subtropical character. Nowadays this ravine evergreen broad-leaved forest has become less and less in Kunrning region (only several thousand ha. remained). It is the precious gene pool, and has an especial importance in maintaining the ecological balance of local nature. The forest should be paid-more attention to and protected effectively.