“南红梨”授粉品种选择及其结果性状分析

以15年生高接"南红梨"为试材,采用人工授粉的方法,研究了10个授粉品种对"南红梨"坐果率、花萼脱落、果实质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量及风味的影响,以期为"南红梨"授粉品种的选择及其的高产、优质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:10个授粉品种均表现出较好亲和性,坐果率达70%以上,7个品种脱萼率在10%以下,其中"花盖"授粉后,"南红梨"平均单果质量增加最大,比对照增加28.11%,除"花盖梨"以外,其它品种花粉给"南红梨"授粉,"南红梨"果形指数有减小的趋势,"苹果梨"给"南红梨"授粉,"南红梨"果实硬度显著增大,"花盖"授粉,平均单果质量增加最大,而"南红梨"果实的可溶性固形物含量、风味无明显的影响,差异不显著。综合来看,"苹果梨"和"花盖梨"为"南红梨"的优良授粉品种。

Effect of Different Pollinators on Fruiting Characteristics of'Nanhong'Pear

The experiment used the pollinated method on the fifteen-year-old'Nanhong'pear,which was top grafted was used as material,hand-pollinate method was adopted to study the effects of pollinators on the fruit setting rate,calyx-abscission rate,fruit shape index,fruit firmness,solible solid content and acid-sugar ratio in order to choose the suitable pollinating cultivar and supply the reference bases for increasing yield and improving cultivation.The results showed that 10pollinators performed well compatibility with over 70％fruit setting rate.Seven cultviars had less 10％calyx-abscission rate. Average fruit weight increased significantly which was pollinated by'Huagai'pear,28.11％ highter than control.Fruit shape index showed decreaseing trend with all pollinators excluding'Huagai'pear. Fruit firmness and single fruit weight increased obviously pollinated by'Pinguo'pear and'Huagai' pear.There was no significant difference on solible solid content and acid-sugar ratio among different pollinators.'Pingguo'pear and'Huagai'pear were the best pollinators for'Nanhong'pear for this study.