茶叶科技的世纪回顾与前瞻

一个世纪来，世界茶园面积、茶叶产量和出口量除二次大战期间停滞不前外，其余年份均呈持续增长趋势，尤其以本世纪的后半叶增长更为显著，这和５０年代以来世界茶叶科学技术的迅猛发展密切相关。文中列举了对本世纪茶叶生产的发展起重要促进作用的十项重大科技进展，它们是：无性系的推广与应用，短穗扦插繁殖技术的成功应用，茶树缺素症的诊断与治疗，平衡施肥理论的确立，茶饼病预测体系的建立和茶卷叶蛾生防技术的引进，红茶萎凋槽的诞生和ＣＴＣ工艺的发展，采茶机的普及与应用，农药残留的预防和控制，茶叶产品的多样化，茶叶对人体调节功能的研究。文中还对２１世纪茶叶科技对世界茶业的发展进行展望。

A Review and Prospect on Tea Science at the Crossing of Century

World tea acreage,tea output and export amounts were increased continuously and steadily in the past century besides the period of Second World War.The increasing range was especially significant in the latter half century period.It was closely related with the rapid development of the world tea science since 1950's.Ten important achievements in world tea science which played an obvious promotive roles in the development of world tea production in this century were listed by the author.There are:the populariaztion and application of clonal tea,the success of short node cutting propagating technique,the diagnosis and correction of microelement deficiency,the establishment of the theory of balanced fertilization,the establishment of tea blister blight forecasting system and the introduction of parasitic wasp of tea leaf roller,the development of withering trough machine and CTC manufacturing technique in black tea production,the popularization and application of tea plucking machine,the prevention and regulation of pesticide residue,the diversification of tea products,the investigation on the moderating activity of tea drinking to human health.A prospect of tea science on the development of world tea production in the 21st century was discussed in this paper.