水城盆地空间城镇化对浅层岩溶地下水特征的影响

为研究水城盆地空间城镇化对浅层岩溶地下水的影响，以六盘水市水城盆地为研究对象，通过分析地下水采样点的氢氧同位素和水化学组分、地下水长期监测点的水位资料，研究了地下水补给来源和空间城镇化对岩溶地下水水化学特征、水位动态产生的影响。结果表明：研究区内地下水主要来自大气降水补给，水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型；空间城镇化影响下土地利用类型的空间差异与浅层岩溶地下水诸多离子的富集具有空间一致性，Cl^-和NH₃-N主要富集在建筑用地区，NO₃^-和SO₄^2-主要富集在耕地、林地和裸地等非建筑用地区，而Mn和As则主要来自工业建设产生的点源污染。研究区年内和年际地下水水位变幅均趋于稳定，结合该时期的降雨量与地下水水位变幅面积的关系，证明空间城镇化发展导致不透水面的增加，降低了地下水水位对降雨的响应程度，地下水补给条件变差，地下水开采量的变化成为影响地下水水位的主要因素。研究表明：空间城镇化建设的大力推进，改变了盆地内的土地利用方式，严重影响了地下水补给径流条件和地下水水质，造成局部地区有害离子的富集。

The effect of spatial urbanization on the characteristics of shallow karst groundwater in Shuicheng basin

In order to study the effects of spatial urbanization in Shuicheng basin on shallow karst groundwater, this study analyzed the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemical components of the water at groundwater sampling sites, and water level data at groundwater monitoring sites. Based on an analysis of these data, the groundwater recharge sources and the influence of spatial urbanization on the hydrochemical characteristics and water level dynamics of the karst groundwater were assessed. The results showed that the groundwater in the study area mainly came from atmospheric precipitation, and the main hydrochemical species were HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca. Under the influence of spatial urbanization, the spatial differences in land use types were consistent with the enrichment of many ions in the shallow karst groundwater, and the intensity of human activity had a great influence on groundwater quality. In the study area, the intra- and inter-annual variations in groundwater level tended to be stable. Considering the relationship between rainfall and the spatial variation in groundwater level during the study period, this showed that urbanization led to an increase in impermeable surfaces, and a decrease in the response of the water level to rainfall. The condition of groundwater runoff deteriorated, and the variation in groundwater exploitation was the main factor affecting the groundwater level. We can conclude that spatial urbanization has seriously affected the groundwater recharge and runoff conditions and groundwater quality. The changing land use pattern in the basin has resulted in the accumulation of harmful ions in localized areas.