南方葡萄的土宜条件与营养特性

南方多雨,地势低洼的葡萄园采用高畦深沟栽培可提高土壤速效养分含量,并可降低滨海土壤含钠量,促进葡萄生长.酸性土壤施用石灰调节pH至6.1—6.5,可扩大根系营养面积,葡萄体内氮,磷、钾含量增加.当土壤pH值调节至近中性时,葡萄体内磷、钾、镁含量明显下降。正常生长的葡萄叶片含氮量为2.5％—3.0％,含磷量为0.2％,含钾量在1.2％以上.巨峰葡萄叶片中N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg的适宜比例是1∶0.08—0.15∶0.5—0.7∶0.7∶0.2—0.4∶0.08—0.12.当叶片中磷比值小于0.08,钾比值小于0.5时,葡萄植株易得病。上述养分比值可作为巨峰葡萄化学营养诊断指标。

Characteristics of Nutrition and the Soil Conditions for Grape Growth in Southern China

In the rainy southern China, the high ridge culture can provide the good soil conditions for grape growth, which increase the amount of available nutrient of soil, and reduce the detrimental effect of Na~+in the coastal region. In the treatments with lime, the soil pH was regulated from about 4.5 to 6.1-6.5, and nutrients (N, P, K) in the grape leaves highly increased. But if the soil pH was regulated up to neutral with lime, the nutrients (N, P, K) of the leaves evidently reduced. It was found that grape grew and fruited well when the amount of N, P and K in the leaves were above 2.5-3.0％, 0.2％ and 1.2-1.3％ respectively. The suitable ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, in the leaves is 1 : 0.08-0.15 : 0.5-0.7 : 0.2-0.4 : 0.08-0.12. If the ratio of P / N or K / N is less than 0.08 and 0.5 respectively, the grape plant would fall ill. So these ratioes can be used to diagnose nutritive disorders in grapevines.