种植模式和灌溉对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的影响

为了研究不同种植模式和灌水量对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的影响,2010-2011年在陕西杨凌对垄上覆膜沟播小麦与平作播种方式进行了对比试验。结果表明,冬小麦的产量随着灌水量的增加呈现先增后减的趋势。起垄覆膜沟播的产量和水分利用效率均明显高于平作。起垄覆膜中水处理比平作中水处理增产421kg/hm2,水分利用效率提高4.95kg/(hm2.mm)。籽粒粗蛋白含量随着灌水量的增加而降低,而淀粉含量则相反。基于综合因素考虑,选择覆膜中水产量和水分利用效率都达到最高,而蛋白含量仅比低水处理低0.53%,淀粉含量比高水处理低0.268%,因此在实践中选择覆膜中水处理(总灌水量260mm)可以实现节水、高产、优质目标。

Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Irrigation on Growth,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

Through comparing the methods of furrow planting winter wheat with plastic film mulching and falt planting,the experiment,which has been conducted from 2010 to 2011 in Yangling,Shaanxi Province,mainly study the effects of different planting patterns and irrigation on growth,yield,water use efficiency and quality of winter wheat.The result shows that the yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of irrigation amount.Besides,the furrow planting winter wheat with plastic film mulching is better than falt planting,the yield and water use efficiency are the highest in W2 treatment,the yield is 421 kg/hm2 higher than W′2 treatment,and the water use efficiency raises 4.95 kg/(hm2·mm).The protein content of winter wheat decreases with the increase of the irrigation amount,while the starch content increases.Considering comprehensive factors,the yield and water use efficiency reaches the highest in W2 treatment,while the protein amount is only 0.53% lower than W3 treatment and the starch content is 0.268% lower than W1 treatment.So,choosing W2 treatment(total irrigation amount is 260 mm) in practice can achieve the target of water-saving,high-yield and high quality.