品种、进群和配种季节、首配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探究品种、进群和配种季节、首配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响，本研究观察并记录了1 656头后备母猪的繁殖情况，分别按照品种、进群季节、配种季节、首配日龄将其分组，并进行组间统计分析。结果表明：①长白后备母猪的配种利用率（89.73%）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（75.00%）和长大二元杂后备母猪（80.57%）；长大二元杂后备母猪的窝均总仔数（11.36）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（10.35），显著（P<0.05）高于长白后备母猪（10.74）；②春季和冬季进群的长大二元杂后备母猪配种利用率（100.00%、100.00%）极显著（P<0.01）高于夏季（71.89%）和秋季（51.47%），同时夏季也极显著（P<0.01）高于秋季；秋季配种的长大二元杂后备母猪受胎分娩率（86.21%）分别显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）低于春季（94.07%）和冬季（97.42%）；③长大二元杂后备母猪首配日龄在211~230 d组的窝均活仔数（9.30）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（10.15）和251~270 d（10.36）组，并且极显著（P<0.01）低于271~290 d（10.48）组；211~230 d组的窝均合格仔数（8.96）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（9.82）组，极显著（P<0.01）低于251~270 d（10.04）和271~290 d（10.21）组。综合试验结果，长白后备母猪的配种利用率较好，长大二元杂后备母猪的产仔性能较好。长大二元杂后备母猪在春、冬季节进群时配种利用率较好，在秋季配种时受胎分娩率较差；且其首配日龄在211~230 d时产仔性能较低，在211~290 d时产仔性能较高。

Effects of Variety,the Seasons of Entering into Swinery and Breeding,First Mating Time on Reproduction Performance of Gilts

To explore the effects of variety,the seasons of entering into swinery and breeding,first mating time on reproduction performance of gilts,the breeding status of 1 656 gilts were observed and recorded in this study,and they were grouped according to different varieties,the seasons of entering into swinery,the seasons of breeding and the first mating time,and statistical analysis was performed among the different groups.The results showed that:①The breeding utilization rate of Landrace gilts (89.73%) was extremely significantly higher than those of Yorkshire gilts (75.00%) and Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts (80.57%)(P<0.01);The total number of born (TNB) of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts in the first parity (11.36) was significantly higher than that of Yorkshire gilts (10.35) (P<0.01),and significantly higher than that of Landrace gilts(10.74) (P<0.05).②The breeding utilization rate (100.00%) of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts of entering into swinery in the spring and winter was extremely significantly higher than those of entering into swinery in the summer (71.89%) and autumn (51.47%) (P<0.01),and the breeding utilization rate of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts in the summer was also significant higher than that in the autumn (P<0.01);The delivery rate of conception of breeding Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts in the autumn (86.21%) was significantly lower than that in the spring(94.07%)(P<0.05),and extremely significantly lower than that in the winter (97.42%) (P<0.01).③The number of born alive (NBA) of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts in the group of 211~230 d first mating time (9.30) was significantly lower than those of the groups of 231~250 d (10.15) and 251~230 d (10.36) (P<0.05),and extremely significantly lower than that of the group of 271~290 d(10.48) (P<0.01);The number of qualified piglets of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts in the group of 211~230 d first mating time (8.96) was significantly lower than that of the group of 231~250 d (9.82) (P<0.05),and extremely significantly lower than those of the groups of 251~270 d (10.04) and 271~290 d (10.21) (P<0.01).In summary,the breeding utilization rate of Landrace gilts was better,and the litter performance of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts was better among the different varieties of gilts.The breeding utilization rates of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts of entering into swinery in the spring and winter seasons were better,and the delivery rate of conception was poor when the season of breeding was in the autumn,and the litter performance of Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid gilts was poor in the group of 211~230 d first mating time,and it had an increasing trend when they were bred in 211~290 d first mating time.