猪乙型脑炎疫苗研究进展

猪乙型脑炎（Japanese encephalitis，JE）是由乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的一种经蚊虫传播的人畜共患病，且是严重威胁人畜健康的一种中枢神经系统的急性传染病。猪是JEV的重要储存宿主和扩增宿主，同时也是乙型脑炎的主要传染源，可引起母猪繁殖障碍和公猪睾丸炎。人是JEV的终末宿主，特别是儿童，感染发病后，死亡率可达25%。目前，仍无有效药物治疗乙型脑炎感染，而其流行区域的扩大及其优势基因型的改变为JEV防控策略带来了新的挑战。近年来，随着基因工程和蛋白质工程的发展，以及对病毒分子结构和功能的深入研究，一些新技术新手段被应用到JEV疫苗研发中，基因工程亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、嵌合病毒减毒活疫苗、多表位疫苗、DNA疫苗等应运而生。在疫苗制备过程中，培养工艺的优化、病毒抗原的纯化、新型佐剂和耐热保护剂的应用等生产工艺的提升策略，为保障JEV疫苗的质量提供了新方向。文章简述了猪JEV疫苗的使用现状及研发进展，旨在为研制更安全、有效的猪JEV疫苗提供参考依据。

Research Progress of Swine Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute zoonosis, and has the characteristic of infectious diseases in the central neural system (CNS), which caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and transmitted by mosquitoes.The pigs are important storage and increase host of JEV, and it was main origin of infection.JEV can cause pregnant sow abortion and boar testitis.Humans are the terminal host of JEV, especially children, and the mortality rate can reach 25% after infection.There are still no effective drugs for JEV.The expansions of the epidemic area of JE and the changes of dominant genotypes have brought new challenges to the prevention and control strategies of JEV.In recent years, with the development of genetic and protein engineering, as well as the researches on the molecular structure and function of viruses, more and more new technologies and methods have been applied to the researches of vaccine for JEV.As a result, genetically engineered subunit vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine, chimeric virus attenuated live vaccine, polypeptide vaccine and DNA vaccine have emerged at the historic moment.In the process of vaccine preparation, the production process of optimizing the culture mode, purifying virus antigen, applying new adjuvant and heat resistant protective agents are expected to provide a new research direction for improving the quality of JEV vaccine.The present situation and development of swine encephalitis vaccine strain were reviewed in this paper to provide references for the development of safer and more effective vaccines against JEV.