妊娠期背膘厚对母猪产程及繁殖性能的影响

为优化母猪繁殖效率,探究妊娠期不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能和分娩产程的影响,本研究以广西某公司2 969头大白母猪和1 787头长白母猪为试验群体,收集2017年1月至2017年10月妊娠期3个阶段(妊娠30、80和107 d)背膘厚与分娩接产记录数据,分析背膘厚与分娩产程、总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重等性状的关系。研究结果表明,大白母猪分娩产程时间显著短于长白母猪(P<0.05),大白母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重显著优于长白母猪(P<0.05)。在妊娠30 d时,背膘厚在18～20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大;背膘厚在18～20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高。在妊娠80 d时,背膘厚≥20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大、产程最短;背膘厚在16～18 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较高、母猪产程较短。在妊娠107 d时,背膘厚在14～16 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大,但母猪产程与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);背膘厚≥20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较大。妊娠期背膘厚减少1～2 mm的大白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较小,产程较长。而背膘厚减少>2 mm的长白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较大,产程较短。上述试验结果说明,在母猪妊娠期间,合适的背膘厚可有效提高母猪繁殖性能和母猪分娩期间的福利水平。养殖场可以根据营养配方和猪群品种建立背膘数据库,通过精准饲喂将母猪背膘厚调整至最佳范围,同时合理控制妊娠期背膘变化。

Effect of Backfat Thickness During Pregnancy on Farrowing Duration and Reproductive Performance of Sows

In order to optimize the reproductive efficiency of sows and explore the effects of backfat thickness during pregnancy on the sow's farrowing duration and reproductive performance,the data from 2 969 Large White sows and 1 787 Landrace sows,including backfat thickness,farrowing duration,total litter size,alive litter size and litter weight of the three stages of sow gestation (30,80 and 107 d of gestation) in January 2017 to October 2017 were collected.The results showed that the farrowing duration of Large White sows was significantly lower than that of Landrance sows (P<0.05).The total litter size,alive litter size and birth weight of Large White sows were significantly higher than that of Landrance sows(P<0.05).At 30 days of gestation,with the backfat thickness of 18-20 mm in Large White sows,the total litter size,alive litter size and the litter weight were the highest;For the backfat thickness of 18-20 mm in Landrace sows,the total litter size and alive litter size was the biggest.At the 80 days of gestation,when the backfat thickness was more than 20 mm in Large White sows,the total litter size,alive litter size and litter weight were the biggest,and the sows had the shortest farrowing duration;For the backfat thickness of 16-18 mm in Landrace sows,the total litter size,alive litter size and the litter weight were the biggest,and the farrowing duration was shorter.At 107 days of gestation,the backfat thickness of 14-16 mm in Large White sows,the total litter size,alive litter size and the litter weight were the biggest,and farrowing duration was not significantly different from the other groups (P>0.05);While for the back fat thickness of ≥ 20 mm in Landrace sows,the total litter size and alive litter size were the biggest,and the litter weight was larger.From 30 days to 107 days of pregnancy,for Large White sows with backfat thickness reduced by 1-2 mm,the total number of litters and alive litter size were the biggest,but the litter weight was smaller,and farrowing duration was longer.For Landrace sows with backfat thickness reduced by more than 2 mm,the total number of litters and alive litter size were the biggest,the litter weight was larger,and the farrowing duration was shorter.The research had shown that optimize the backfat thickness of sows could effectively improve reproductive performance of sow and welfare level of sow during perinatal period.The pig farm could establish database of backfat thickness according to the nutritional level and sow breeds,adjusting the backfat thickness in different stages of pregnancy by feeding accurately and controlling the reasonable change of backfat during pregnancy.