2005-2015年石羊河流域生态系统服务时空分异

生态系统服务研究是目前生态学领域的热点和前沿。以石羊河流域为研究区，借助GIS技术和方法，对流域2005、2010年和2015年的水源涵养、土壤保持、水质净化、碳储存、生物多样性、食品供给6项服务进行定量评估，并对不同地类的服务变化规律及生态系统功能分区进行探索与研究。结果表明：① 各服务类型在空间上表现出差异性规律：水源涵养、生物多样性、碳储存在空间上呈现西南高东北低，高值沿河流及周围带状分布的空间格局；水质净化高值区分布较为零碎；武威、永昌和民勤盆地等地为食品供给服务的高值区。② 在不同土地利用类型中，草地和耕地是承担生态系统供给服务的关键角色。③ 研究区划分为3项生态功能区，即祁连山生态保育区、流域绿洲生态功能区、荒漠生态功能区。通过对石羊河流域生态系统服务时空分异特征进行深入分析，以期为相关研究提供数据和方法支持，并为相关流域生态保护与建设目标提供科学参考。

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Ecosystem Services in the Shiyang River Basin from 2005 to 2015

The study on ecosystem services has become as a hot topic and frontier in the field of ecology. The Shiyang River Basin was taken as the research object to estimate the ecosystem services including the water conservation, soil retention, water purification, biodiversity sustaining, carbon storage and food supply based on GIS technology and methods in 2005, 2010 and 2015. Moreover, the evolution of the spatiotemporal pattern of ecosystem services, change of ecosystem services based on land use types and compartment of ecosystem functions were explored and studied. The results firstly showed that: ① these ecosystem services presented the spatially differential characteristics, the spatial pattern of water conservation, biodiversity maintenance and carbon storage presented the characteristics that the “low value zones were located in the northeast, and the high value zones were mostly distributed in the southwest”. In addition, the distribution of high value zones of water purification was fragmentary. And the high value zones of food supply were located in Wuwei, Yongchang and Minqin basins; ② Among the different land use types, grassland and cultivated land played the main role of providing ecosystem services; ③ The basin was divided into three ecological functional areas, namely Qilian ecological conservation area, watershed oasis ecological function area and desert ecological function area. The study and analysis of the spatiotemporal differentiation of ecosystem services in the Shiyang River Basin provided the support of data and methods for relevant research, and also the scientific references for determining the goal of watershed ecological protection and construction.