利用微卫星标记分析伊犁鹅的保种效果

为分析某保种场伊犁鹅的保种效果，本研究利用9个微卫星标记对新疆伊犁鹅3个世代（0世代、1世代、2世代）的遗传多样性进行检测。试验以3个世代伊犁鹅血液为样本，使用苯酚-氯仿抽提法提取DNA，随后进行12%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测、银染法显色及判型。结果表明，9个微卫星位点在伊犁鹅的3个世代中共检测到78个等位基因，0世代、1世代和2世代均检测到26个等位基因；3个世代的平均期望杂合度（He）分别为0.4322、0.4232和0.4516；平均多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.3751、0.3707和0.3936，表明伊犁鹅的3个世代均处于中度多态，遗传变异处于中等水平，且3个世代间平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量均差异不显著（P>0.05）；3个世代的遗传距离分别为0.0097、0.0184和0.0074。综合来看，伊犁鹅具有较丰富的遗传多样性，且该保种场目前所采用的保种方法较好地保存了伊犁鹅原有的遗传多样性。

Analysis of Conservation Efficiency of Yili Goose by Microsatellite Markers

This study was aimed to analyze the conservation efficiency of Yili goose in reservation farm,and 9 microsatellite markers were used to detect the genetic diversity of three generations (0,1 and 2 generations) of Xinjiang Yili goose.In this experiment,all blood samples were took from three generations of Yili goose.DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform extraction method,and detected by 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,silver nitrate staining and judge genotype.The results showed that a total of 78 alleles were detected in 9 microsatellite loci in three generations of Yili goose,26 alleles were detected in 0,1 and 2 generations.The average expected heterozygosity (He) of three generations were 0.4322,0.4232 and 0.4516,respectively.The average polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.3751,0.3707 and 0.3936,respectively,it showed that three generations of Yili goose were in moderate polymorphism,the genetic variation was at a medium level,and there was no significant difference in average He and PIC among three generations (P>0.05).The genetic distances of three generations were 0.0097,0.0184 and 0.0074,respectively.In conclusion,Yili goose had rich genetic diversity,and the current conservation method adopted by the conservation farm had better preserved the original genetic diversity of Yili goose.