甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的差异

从24个甬优系列籼粳杂交稻品种(系)中,根据不同产量水平和氮素农学利用率筛选出具有代表性的3种类型(高产氮高效、高产氮中效、中产氮中效),系统比较各类型产量和氮素农学利用率,以探究高产氮高效型籼粳杂交稻产量和氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明,高产氮高效型产量显著高于高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型,分别高4.04%～4.38%和13.37%～13.41%,其高产原因在于群体颖花量大,能达到5.87×10⁸～6.20×10⁸ hm^–2。与高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型相比,高产氮高效型成穗率高,能保持在68.83%～70.05%;抽穗期叶面积指数高,且生育后期衰减平缓,成熟期叶面积指数在3.85以上;抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量大,达7.91～7.99thm^–2,全生育期干物质量可达21.15～21.46thm–2。在氮素吸收利用方面,高产氮高效型总吸氮量显著高于高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型,分别高5.07%～5.14%和4.50%～5.96%;拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期氮素吸收速率表现为高产氮高效型>高产氮中效型&...

Differences in yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties of Yongyou series

A field experiment was conducted with 24 indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties (lines) of Yongyou series, from which three types (high yield and high AE (agronomic nitrogen use efficiency) [HH], high yield and medium AE [HM], medium yield and medium AE [MM]) were selected to explore the characteristics of varieties with high yield and high AE. The yield of HH type was 4.04%-4.38% and 13.37%-13.41% higher than that of HM type and MM type respectively, owing to the larger number of total spikelets, which was 5.87×10 ⁸-6.20×10 ⁸ hm ^-2. Compared with HM and MM type, HH type had a high percentage of tiller rate, which was 68.83%-70.05%. The LAI of HH type was maximum at heading stage and declined slowly after heading. As a result, the LAI of HH type was above 3.85 at maturity stage. The dry matter accumulation of HH type was 7.91-7.99 t hm ^-2from heading to maturity, which was the highest in three types, and its dry matter accumulation was more than 21.15-21.46 t hm ^-2 in the whole growth period. The total nitrogen uptake of HH type showed 5.07%-5.14% and 4.50%-5.96% increase than that of HM type and MM type respectively at maturity stage. The nitrogen sbsorption rate from jointing to heading stage and from heading to maturity stage showed HH type > HM type > MM type, as well as NTSH (N transportation from stem after heading), NIPH (N increase in panicle after heading) and NHI (N harvest index). HH type had the highest NRE (nitrogen recovery use efficiency), AE, PE (physiological nitrogen use efficiency) and PFP (partial factor productivity of applied N). Expect for NRE and NRG (nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grain), all the other nitrogen utilization indexes of HM type were higher than that of MM type.