家畜免疫去势研究进展

传统的手术去势技术正受到动物福利和规模化标准化畜牧生产需求的挑战，作为手术去势的优势替代方法，免疫去势能够很好地阻滞睾丸发育，控制性行为，避免手术带来的痛苦。免疫去势是采用免疫学方法破坏下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激素平衡，通过降低促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的水平，进而使性腺激素水平降低，最终抑制性腺功能，达到去势的目的。免疫去势分为激素免疫去势和基因免疫去势，其靶标经历了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴自下而上的筛选，依次为睾酮、LH、FSH、GnRH、吻素-1（KISS-1），其中位于下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴上游的GnRH激素、GnRH和KISS-1基因3种靶标去势效果较好。免疫去势效果及机制的相关研究表明，免疫去势具有改善生产性能、安全和可逆的特点，但其可逆性机制还不清楚。去势导致肾上腺发挥代偿作用，但目前免疫去势的肾上腺代偿研究鲜见报道。文章首先介绍了几种靶标的免疫去势机制，其次对免疫去势的特点和应用进行了讨论，旨在为推动免疫去势技术在动物生产繁殖领域的应用提供理论依据。

Research Progress on Immuno-castration in Livestock

Traditional surgical castration technology is being challenged by animal welfare and large-scale standardized livestock production.As an alternative to surgical castration,immuno-castration can block testicular development,control sexual behavior,and avoid the pain caused by surgery.Immuno-castration uses immunological methods to destroy the hormone balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,decrease the hormone levels of GnRH,LH,FSH,and gonadal hormone,inhibit the gonadal function,and then achieve the purpose of castration.Immuno-castration includes hormone immuno-castration and gene immuno-castration,and its targets have undergone bottom-up screening on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,which identified are testosterone,LH,FSH,GnRH and KISS-1.The three targets of GnRH hormone,GnRH and KISS-1 genes located upstream on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have better castration effects.Studies on the effect and mechanism of immuno-castration show that immuno-castration has the characteristics of improving production performance,safety and reversibility.While the reversible mechanism of immuno-castration is still unclear.Castration causes the adrenal gland to play a compensatory role,and the effect of immuno-castration on adrenal compensation has not been reported.This paper introduces the immuno-castration mechanism of targets,discusses the characteristics and application of immuno-castration,in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting the application of immuno-castration technology in the field of animal production and reproduction.