发酵乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响

试验以产气荚膜梭菌感染肉仔鸡建立坏死性肠炎模型，研究发酵乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对感染肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响。将336只1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡随机分成4个处理组，每个处理6个重复。4个处理组分别为对照组、感染组、感染＋LF组（日粮添加1×10⁹ CFU/kg发酵乳杆菌）、感染＋BC组（日粮添加1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg凝结芽孢杆菌）。所有感染肉鸡在14~21 d经口接种A型产气荚膜梭菌。试验期为28 d。结果显示：与对照组相比，灌服产气荚膜梭菌显著降低22~28 d肉鸡的日均采食量（P<0.05），显著增加28 d十二指肠和空肠损伤评分（P<0.05），显著提高21 d肉鸡盲肠的产气荚膜梭菌和大肠杆菌数量，显著降低28 d回肠产气荚膜梭菌数量（P<0.05）。与感染组相比，日粮添加发酵乳杆菌显著提高21 d肉鸡回肠的乳杆菌属数量（P<0.05），显著降低21 d盲肠大肠杆菌的数量（P<0.05）；日粮添加凝结芽孢杆菌显著降低28 d肉鸡十二指肠损伤评分（P<0.05），显著降低21 d十二指肠隐窝深度（P<0.05），显著提高21 d空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（P<0.05），显著降低21 d肉鸡回肠和盲肠的大肠杆菌数量（P<0.05），显著提高28 d肉鸡回肠乳杆菌属数量（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加发酵乳杆菌或凝结芽孢杆菌均对感染肉鸡的肠道微生物具有调控作用；其中添加凝结芽孢杆菌有利于肠道绒毛发育，缓解肠道损伤，一定程度上提高了肉鸡的生长性能，而发酵乳杆菌没有缓解肠道损伤的作用。

Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus coagulans on the Growth Performance and Gut Health of Broilers Challenged with Clostridium perfringens

In the present study,the necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens was induced with the challenge of Clostridium perfringens,and the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus coagulans on the growth performance and intestinal health of the infected birds were investigated.A total of 336 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group,the control group,challenge group (infected with Clostridium perfringens),challenge+LF and challenge +BC groups (infected birds fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum (1×10⁹ CFU/kg diet) and Bacillus coagulans (1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg diet),respectively).All the infected broilers were inoculated with Clostridium perfringens type A during 14-21 d,and the experiment lasted for 28 d.Compared with the control group,the pathogen challenge significantly decreased the daily feed intake during 22-28 d (P<0.05),increased the duodenal and jejunal lesion scores at 28 d (P<0.05),as well as the cecal contents of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia.coli at 21 d (P<0.05),and decreased ileal Clostridium perfringens at 28 d (P<0.05).Compared with the challenge group,dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus fermentum significantly increased the ileal contents of Lactobacillus spp.at 21 d (P<0.05),and decreased cecal content of Escherichia coli at 21 d (P<0.05).Dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans significantly decreased the duodenal lesion score at 28 d and duodenal crypt depth at 21 d (P<0.05),increased the jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth at 21 d (P<0.05),reduced Escherichia.coli content in the ileum and cecum at 21 d (P<0.05),and increased Lactobacillus spp.in the ileum at 28 d (P<0.05).In summary,dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus coagulans had modulatory effects on intestinal microflora in Clostridium perfringens-infected broilers.Morever,the Bacillus coagulans benefited the development of intestinal villi,alleviated the intestinal injury,and improved the growth performance of broilers to some extent,while Lactobacillus fermentum did not exhibit alleviative effects.