小偃麦衍生品系的赤霉病抗性评价

由镰孢属(Fusarium)真菌侵染引起的赤霉病是严重威胁小麦生产的重要病害之一,但小麦育种中可直接利用的抗源非常有限。采用单花滴注法接种赤霉菌株F0609,对来源于中间偃麦草或长穗偃麦草的119份小偃麦衍生品系进行3年6个环境的抗病鉴定,发现平均病小穗率<10%的材料有13份,抗性评价为抗病(R);平均病小穗率介于10%~25%之间的材料有61份,抗性评价为中抗(MR);其余45份材料的平均病小穗率介于25%~50%或>50%,抗性评价为中感或高感(MS和S)。在13份高抗赤霉病材料中,CH16387的抗性显著优于苏麦3号和望水白,CH16371和CH16379的抗性显著优于望水白,其余10个品系与抗病对照苏麦3号和望水白的抗性水平相当。这13份材料分别来自小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体TAI8045和小麦-长穗偃麦草部分双二倍体TAP8430与普通小麦的杂交组合,TAI8045抗性显著优于对照品种望水白, TAP8430与苏麦3号和望水白的抗性相当,而杂交组合中的小麦亲本对赤霉病表现感病,推测这些材料的抗性可能来自TAI8045和TAP8430。这些抗病材料为小麦抗赤霉病育种提供了新的种质资源。

Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium head blight in Thinopyrum-derived wheat lines

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in wheat production; however, only limited sources of resistance are available in wheat. In this study, we evaluated 119 lines derived from the crosses between wheat and wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids for their resistance to F. graminearum isolate F0609 over six environments during 2016 to 2018 cropping seasons using single floret inoculation method. Among the wheat-Thinopyrum lines tested, 45 were moderately or highly susceptible, with 25%-50% or >50% of the average percentage of diseased spikelets (PDS), 61 were moderately resistant (MR) with 10%-25% of the average PDS, and 13 lines were identified as resistant (R), with the average PDS less than 10%. For the FHB resistance of the 13 resistant lines, CH16387 was superior to ‘Sumai 3’ and ‘Wangshuibai’, the most widely used source of resistance to FHB, CH16371 and CH16379 were superior to ‘Wangshuibai’, and the remaining ten lines were comparable to ‘Wangshuibai’ or ‘Sumai 3’, in terms of number of infected spikelets per spike and percentage of infected spikelets. Furthermore, the average PDS in these resistant lines over the six environments showed a similar distribution, suggesting a relatively stable FHB resistance. The donor parents, wheat-alien partial amphiploids, involved in development of these resistant derivatives, included wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploid TAI8045 and wheat-T.ponticum partial amphiploid TAP8430. As both TAI8045 and TAP8430 were resistant, but all the wheat parents were susceptible, it was likely that the resistance to FHB in these lines identified originated from TAI8045 and TAP8430. These derivatives can serve as novel sources to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB.