华南地区舍饲川中黑山羊繁殖性能及疾病状况分析

为探究川中黑山羊在华南地区的适应性，本试验以外省引进的川中黑山羊为研究对象，分析其在华南地区舍饲条件下的繁殖性能和疾病发生等情况，为川中黑山羊在华南地区饲养的可行性评估提供数据支撑。2014~2017年收集华南某舍饲场川中黑山羊的繁殖性能、生长性能、疾病发生等数据，利用Excel和SPSS等软件进行数据的整理及统计分析。结果显示，川中黑山羊初产母羊的产羔率为181%，经产母羊的产羔率为200%，群体总活羔率及断奶成活率分别为87.2%和83.8%；公羔、母羔平均初生重分别为2.85和2.75 kg，平均断奶重分别为10.15和9.64 kg；母羊平均年产胎次在1.5胎左右；在华南地区大规模舍饲条件下，川中黑山羊繁殖性能较原产地略有下降，但随着饲养时间的延长及饲养技术的改进，有逐渐恢复的趋势。在规模舍饲环境下，羊群易患肺炎，母羊妊娠后期易因患病而流产，羔羊死亡率随羔羊出生数增加而上升。由以上分析结果可知，虽然引进的川中黑山羊饲养时短期内会出现一定的适应性问题，但在科学的饲养管理条件下，引进后的川中黑山羊仍可保持优良的繁殖性能和较强的抗病力。因此，川中黑山羊可在华南地区进行大规模集约化舍饲养殖。

Analysis of Reproductive Performance and Disease Characteristics of Chuanzhong Black Goat Under Barn Feeding Condition in South China

To study the adaptability of the introduced variety of goats in South China,the reproductive performance and disease characteristics of the Chuanzhong Black goat under barn feeding condition were statistically analyzed,which would provide data for the feasibility analysis of feeding Chuanzhong Black goat in South China.The data related to the performances of the reproduction,growth and disease of the goats were collected from 2014 to 2017,and Excel and SPSS software were used to analyze the experimental data.The results showed that the primiparous lambing rate of Chuanzhong Black goat was 181%,and the lambing rate of the pluriparous goats was 200%;The alive lambs rate and weaning survival rate were 87.2% and 83.8%,respectively;The average birth weight of male and female lambs was 2.85 and 2.75 kg,respectively;The average weaning weight was 10.15 and 9.64 kg,respectively;The parity per year was approximately 1.5.Under the barn feeding condition in South China,the reproductive performance of Chuanzhong Black goat decreased slightly compared with the animals in the original region;However,with the increase of living time and improvement of feeding condition,the reproductive of Chuanzhong Black goat gradually recovered.In the case of barn feeding environment,goats were prone to pneumonia,and were easy to abort due to illness in the late pregnancy;The mortality of lambs increased as the number of lambs born increases.In conclusion,the Chuanzhong Black goat introduced from other provinces exhibited certain adaptability problems in the short-term,but under the suitable feeding and advanced management environment,they could maintain excellent reproductive performance and the characteristic of disease resistance.Therefore,Chuanzhong Black goat were feasible to be raised under barn feeding environment in South China.