狐狸流产奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及特征分析

为明确引起狐狸流产的主要原因，确定主要病原体并提出有效防控措施，试验收集了河北地区多个流产狐狸的脾脏和卵巢，利用细菌分离培养、形态观察、药敏试验、16S rRNA基因测序和序列分析及同源性比对等方法对引起狐狸流产的病原体进行分离鉴定，分析其耐药性，筛选有效治疗药物；同时对病原菌的致病力进行检测。结果显示，从流产狐狸病变的脾脏和卵巢中分离到了1株单一的革兰氏阴性菌，命名为FOX-abortion-Hebei。药敏试验结果显示，该菌对头孢哌酮等11类药物敏感，而对妥布霉素等5类抗菌药物中度敏感。动物试验结果显示，该菌株具有较强的致病性，攻毒小鼠和狐狸后均可引起动物死亡。16S rRNA测序和同源性分析结果显示，分离到的革兰氏阴性菌为奇异变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis，PM），与已公布序列的同源性为93.6%~99.9%；系统进化树结果显示，该菌与埃及分离到的菌株（AUMC B-199）亲缘关系最近。本研究明确了狐狸流产主要是由奇异变形杆菌感染所致，也是首次在流产狐狸中分离到该菌，且能引起严重的繁殖障碍，需在狐狸养殖中加以防控。

Isolation,Identification and Characteristics Analysis of a Proteus mirabilis from the Aborted Foxes

In order to clarify the main causes of fox abortion,identify the main pathogens and propose effective prevention and control measures,the spleen and ovaries of several aborted foxes in Hebei province were collected and analyzed by bacterial isolation,morphological observation,drug sensitivity test,16S rRNA gene sequencing,sequence analysis and homology alignment to isolate and identify the pathogens causing fox abortion and analyze its drug resistance to screen effective therapeutic drugs.At the same time,the pathogenicity of pathogens was tested.The results showed that a single Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the spleen and ovaries of the aborted fox lesion,named as FOX-abortion-Hebei.The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the isolated strain was sensitive to 11 drugs such as cefoperazone,but was intermediate to 5 antibiotics such as tobramycin.The results of clinical animal tests showed that the strain had strong pathogenicity and could cause animal death in both mice and foxes.16S rRNA sequencing and homology analysis showed that the isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Proteus mirabilis (PM),which had a 93.6% to 99.9% homology with published sequences.The phylogenetic relationship between the bacteria and the published strain from Egypt (AUMC B-199) was the closest.The above research results showed that the main pathogen causing fox abortion was Proteus mirabilis,this bacterium was also isolated for the first time in fox abortion,which could cause serious reproductive disorders,it was necessary to do a good job of prevention and control in fox breeding.