日本以农协为主推进智慧农业发展经验及对中国的启示

日本农业面临严峻的农业人口老龄化与农业人口减少的问题，且以小型田块和山地耕地居多，农业劳作不便。为了解决上述问题，保障粮食供应，振兴地方经济，日本正大力发展智慧农业。日本农协协助制定了新的农业基本法以及农林水产信息化战略以支持农业的发展，并在农业机械自动化、农用信息系统、农村网络改造、农用航空、植物工厂等方面开展了大量的科技创新与应用，推动了日本现代农业的发展，日本以140.4万人且主体为老龄人口的核心农户实现了近1.3亿人口的主要粮食自给自足。日本农协多层级、多部门、全方位覆盖农业流程的服务，为智慧农业的落地助力。纵观日本智慧农业的发展历程与成效，借鉴其成功经验，对中国农业发展提出如下建议：应当创新农业体制机制，打通信息、人力、资源的流通渠道；优化农村营商环境，发挥好地方、高校、企业等不同主体的优势，立足乡村振兴角度对智慧农业技术进行长期的实证化研究；借鉴日本农协在农业生产、销售、推广、管理上的经验，因地制宜，积极探索，夯实根基，有助于推进中国乡村全面振兴，加快农业农村现代化和建设智慧农业强国。

Experience in promoting smart agriculture development with a focus on Japanese Agricultural Cooperatives and its implications for China

Agricultural activities in Japan have been limited to the aging and diminishing labor force, as well as the small plots of cultivated land in mountainous regions. Therefore, smart agriculture has been launched to ensure food security in Japan. A systematic framework has been provided to support the digitization of forestry and aquaculture, including the basic Law and national strategy. Numerous technological innovations have also involved machinery automation, information systems, rural network transformation, agricultural aviation, and plant factories. Modern agriculture has allowed the 1 404 000 core farmers and the majority of the elderly population to achieve nearly 130 million people self-sufficient in the major food. Among them, the Japan Agricultural Association has played a pivotal role in this transformation, covering the various processes at multiple levels and departments. These fundamental facilitates have provided crucial support to implement smart agriculture. This study aims to analyze the trajectory and efficacy of smart agriculture in Japan. The valuable insights were then obtained for the several suggestions. Firstly, it was very necessary to innovate the agricultural system and mechanism, in order to create the channels for the seamless circulation of information, manpower, and resources. The agricultural environment was sustained to leverage the strengths of diverse entities, such as local governments, universities, and enterprises. Long-term empirical research was performed on smart agricultural technology in rural revitalization. These insights should be adapted to the local conditions in the agricultural production, sales, promotion, and management from the Japanese Farmers'' Association''s experience. The findings can greatly contribute to the revitalization of rural areas in China. In turn, the trajectory of rural modernization can be accelerated to position as a formidable force in the realm of smart agriculture. These lessons can also be incorporated into sustainable and technologically advanced agricultural systems.