棘孢木霉特性及其对两种草坪病原菌的生防作用

木霉(Trichoderma spp.)是土壤中广泛存在的植物病害生防真菌。目前，国内外木霉生防菌剂研究开发主要针对农作物，相关产品在草坪上的应用效果并不理想。而来源于草坪的木霉且针对草坪病害生物防治的研究鲜有报道。本文以从草坪中分离的棘孢木霉菌株152-42(Trichoderma asperellum)为研究对象，检测其温度适应性和耐盐碱能力；以立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和草坪币斑病菌(Clarireedia monteithiana)为拮抗对象，检测该棘孢木霉对草坪褐斑病和币斑病的防治效果，分析其拮抗机理。结果表明：棘孢木霉152-42具有耐高温和高盐碱的特性，可通过多种途径抑制病原菌生长，而且能够显著降低草坪褐斑病和币斑病的病情严重程度，是一种极具开发潜力的草坪病害生防真菌。

The Characteristics and Biocontrol of Trichoderma asperellum against Two Turfgrass Pathogens

Trichoderma are biological control fungi for plant diseases which live in soil. Most present studies of Trichoderma biocontrol agents have aimed at field crops,and their control efficiencies in turfgrass are unsatisfied. There are few studies on Trichoderma isolated from turf and their function against phytopathogenic fungus in turf. With Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 isolated from turf area as the subject of this paper,we checked its temperature adaptation and tolerance to salt and alkali. Then with Rhizoctonia solani (brown patch) and Clarireedia monteithiana (dollar spot) as antagonists,we measured the control efficiency of Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 against brown patch and dollar spot,and analyzed the antagonism. The results showed that Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 could tolerate high temperature,pH and salinity. It could also inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Clarireedia monteithianain vitro through several ways and significantly decreased the disease severity of brown patch and dollar spot. Therefore,Trichoderma asperellum 152-42 could be a promising biocontrol fungus to control turfgrass diseases.