氮磷钾分期施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

摘要：采用大田试验研究了分期施肥对重庆市巫溪和城口马铃薯产量及品质的影响。结果表明，与常规施肥相比，分期施氮钾、分期施氮磷钾各处理均提高马铃薯块茎的产量,巫溪试验点提高幅度为2.5～5.6%，以分期施氮磷钾3效果最好；城口试验点提高范围为1.4%～19.7%，以分期施氮钾2作用最大。分期施肥各处理都提高了马铃薯维生素C含量；降低了块茎淀粉、粗蛋白和磷含量；各处理对马铃薯可溶性糖和块茎中钾含量的影响，两个试验点表现不一致。

Effects of Top-dressing at Different Stages on Yield and Quality of Potato

On the basis of the same level fertilizer application , field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by stages on yield and quality of potato in Wuxi and Chengkou county of Chongqing. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of nitrogen and potassium as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by stages were effective to improve the yield of potato tubers. Among them, potato yield were increased by 2.5% to 5.6% and 1.4% to 19.7% respectively in Wuxi and Chengkou. Vc content of potato were increased in all fractional fertilization treatments. The increase range was from 13.0% to 28.6% and was from 7.4% to 32.6% in Wuxi and Chengkou. The contents of starch, crude protein and phosphorus in potatos were decreased in all fertilization by stages treatments. The decrease range was 8.8% to 15.6%, 1.3% to 16.5%, 1.1% to 24.6% in Wuxi and was 2.9% to 7.6% , 6.3% to 32.6% , 7.3% to 29.3% in Chengkou respectively. Changes of soluble sugar and potassium in potatos were inconsistent in two experiments. Therefore, split application nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can improve the yield and some quality of potato.