有限性灌溉对设施草莓产量及水分利用效率的影响

在日光温室环境及盆栽条件下,通过与全灌(FI)比较,研究了亏缺灌溉(DI)及分根交替灌溉(PRD)对草莓产量和灌水利用效率(IWUE)的影响.试验从开花期开始到果实成熟期结束.共分5个处理,全灌(FI);分根灌溉PRD分2个处理水平,即PRD1和PRD2;限制灌溉DI也分两个处理水平,即D11和D12.与F1处理相比,DI1和DI2处理的叶水势和气孔导度明显偏低,单株叶面积、鲜果重、平均单果重也显著低于FI处理.但水分利用效率却比FI处理的高(分别高15.8%和29.3%);PRD1处理的叶水势与FI处理的相当.且高于其它处理,而气孔导度比FI,DI1和D12处理的明显降低,与PRD2处理的相近.PRD1处理的鲜果重、平均单果重与FI处理的相当,比DI1,DI2和PRD2处理的显著提高;与FI处理相比,DI1,DI2,PRD1和PRD2处理分别节水31.5%,50.0%,31.5%和50.0%,水分利用效率分别提高了15.8%,29.3%,44.4%和84.4%,从草莓产量和水分利用效率各指标可以看出,PRD1处理比DI1,DI2和PRD2处理表现出明显的优势,其综合效益最佳.

Influence of Limited Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Strawberry in Greenhouse

It was studied that deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) affected on yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of potted-strawberry in greenhouses, compared to full irrigation (FI),. The irrigation treatments were imposed from the beginning of flowering to the end of fruit maturity, which included FI (the whole rootzone was irrigated to field capacity), PRD1 (one-half of the rootzone was irrigated to field capacity, and the other half maintained drying; irrigation was shifted from one side to the other side of rootzone when volumetric soil water content (8) at the drying side decreased to about 10%). PRD2 (irrigation motheds was the same as in FI, irrigated water was 1/2 of FI), DI1 (irrigation motheds was the same as in FI, irrigated water was the same as in PRD1), and DI2 (irrigation motheds was the same as in FI, irrigated water was the same as in PRD2). The results showed that compared to plants in FI, midday leaf water potential (ψ1.) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were significantly lower and leaf area, fresh berry yield and individual berry weight significantly decreased in DI1 and DI2, but their IWUE was higher (15. 8% and 29. 3% higher than in FI). The ψ1. In PRD1 resembled in FI, however, higher than in the other treatments;meanwhile, g, in PRD1 was significantly lower than in FI, DI1 and DI2, and close to that in PRD2. The fresh berry yield, individual berry fresh weight in PRD1 were close to that in FI, significantly higher than that in DI1, DI2 and PRD2. DI1, DI2, PRD1 and PRD2 respectively saved water of 31. 5%, 50.0%, 31.5% and 50.0%, , and IWUE increased by 15. 8%, 29.3%, 44.4% and 84.4%, compared to FI. Concerning berry yield and IWUE, PRD1 was significantly advantages over DI1, DI2 and PRD2.