EMS处理小麦幼穗的细胞学效应及其对花药培养的影响

本实验采用注射法,以不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理春小麦活体植株的幼穗,染色体畸变率和微核率明显提高,而且两者的变化有平行性,再次证明在植物上用微核技术代替染色体畸变分析检测诱变损伤是可行的。本实验还通过花药培养,探讨了这种诱变处理对花粉愈伤组织诱导和幼苗分化的影响,观察到EMS在0.1—0.2％浓度下,染色体畸变率高,而出愈率低,高浓度EMS处理降低了愈伤组织的幼苗分化率,并使白苗数增多。经分析,不同春小麦品种对EMS的反应基本一致,说明EMS的作用有一定的专一性。

THE CYTOLOGICAL EFFECT OF EMS ON SPIKES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ANTHER CULTURE OF WHEAT IN VITRO TREATMENTS

Different concentrations of EMS were injected to wheat spikes at the early prophase stage of meiosis.The results indicated that both chromosomal aberration frequency (CAF) and micronuclic frequency (MF) were increased significantly by the treatments.The two parameters were parel-lel to each other, which suggest that it is possible to use MF instead of CAF as the indicator of mutationlesions.The influence of EMS treatments on callus induction frequency (CIF) and plantlet regeneration frequency (PRF) of anther culture in vitro is also reported. It was found that with lower concentrations of EMS(0.1%), the CAF is considerably high while the CIF is low.The higher concentrations of EMS treatments could decrease the PRF of callus and increase the proportion of albino plantlets of the regenerated population. Similar reactions to EMS treatments for different spring wheat cultivars indicated that the effect of FMS is specific.