梨树叶片营养状况的诊断与评价

研究湖北省利川市‘长十郎’梨树叶片营养状况,为科学施肥提供依据。采用叶片营养诊断和主成分分析的方法,2017—2018年对利川市‘长十郎’梨9个梨园的叶片营养状况进行营养诊断和评价。结果表明,‘长十郎’梨树叶片的Ca、K、Cu、Zn含量基本适宜,Mg、B、P含量偏低,Mn含量高;部分梨园叶片Fe含量缺乏,2017年梨园叶片整体N含量偏低。土壤酸化是造成利川市梨园叶片营养失衡的主要原因。在生产中应通过施用酸性土壤调理剂如生石灰、硼泥类等碱性肥料提高土壤pH,增施有机肥提高土壤有机质含量,并重视补充Mg、B、Fe等中微量元素,实现‘长十郎’梨的提质增效。主成分分析可将10个叶片营养指标简化为4个主成分,代表了82.512%的原始信息量。基于主成分分析建立了‘长十郎’梨叶片营养综合评价模型Z=0.278N+0.030P+0.250K-0.042Ca-0.133Mg+0.193Fe+0.193Mn+0.174Cu+0.177Zn-0.106B,可较好地应用于梨树叶片营养的综合评价。

The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Pear Leaves

To provide a basis for scientific fertilization, the leaf nutrient status of ‘Chojuro’ pear in Lichuan was studied. The leaf nutrition status of 9 pear orchards was diagnosed and evaluated by leaf nutrition diagnosis and principal component analysis in 2017-2018. The contents of Ca, K, Cu, and Zn in the leaves of ‘Chojuro’ pear tree were basically suitable, while the contents of Mg, B, and P were low, and the content of Mn was high. The content of N in some orchards was deficient, and the content of Fe was low in 2017. Soil acidification was the main cause of nutrient imbalance in the pear leaves. To improve the quality and efficiency of ‘Chojuro’ pear orchards in Lichuan, we should increase the application of acid soil conditioner such as quicklime, borax and other alkaline fertilizers to improve soil pH, and organic fertilizer to raise the organic matter content, pay attention to the supplement of micronutrient Mg, B and Fe. 4 principal components which represented 82.512% of the original information were evaluated by principal component analysis with 10 leaf nutrient elements. According to the scores of each principal component, a comprehensive evaluation model of leaf nutrition based on principal component was established: Z=0.278N+ 0.030P+ 0.250K- 0.042Ca- 0.133Mg+ 0.193Fe+ 0.193Mn+ 0.174Cu+ 0.177Zn- 0.106B. This method could be used to diagnose and evaluate the nutritional status of pear leaves.