中国与主要贸易国水产品中渔用抗菌药残留限量标准和管理措施对比分析

为进一步了解主要水产品贸易国抗菌药管控措施,完善中国水产品中渔用抗菌药残留限量(MRL)标准体系,提高中国水产品质量安全水平和国际竞争力。本研究比较了中国、国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、欧盟(EU)、美国和日本等国家、地区及国际组织水产品中渔用抗菌药MRL标准体系管理现状,分析中国与主要贸易国在渔用抗菌药MRL规定上的异同。结果发现,中国与上述国家、地区及国际组织在水产品中渔用抗菌药MRL数量、限量值及种类上均存在差异。其中,日本制定的MRL标准数量最多为31项,其次是欧盟有26项,中国有22项,CAC和美国制定渔用抗菌药MRL的数量较少,均为5项。针对中国目前渔用抗菌药MRL标准存在的问题,本研究提出加大渔用抗菌药的基础研究、主导或积极参与渔用抗菌药MRL制定、紧跟国际标准发展趋势、加强国际间合作交流的建议。

Comparative Analysis of Antibacterials Residue Limit Standards and Management Measures in Aquatic Products Between China and Major Trading Countries

The study aims to further obtain information about antibacterial control measures in major trading countries of aquatic products, improve the maximum residue limit (MRL) standard system of fishery antibacterials in China’s aquatic products and enhance the quality and safety level and international competitiveness of China’s aquatic products. The maximum residue limit standard systems of fishery antibacterials in aquatic products of China, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), European Union (EU), and major trading countries (the United States, Japan and etc.) were compared in this study. Besides, the similarities and differences between China and major trading countries in maximum residue limits for fishery antibacterials were analyzed. The results indicate that there are differences in the quantities, limit values and drug types for fishery antibacterial MRLs in aquatic products between China and the above countries and international organizations, among which Japan sets the most maximum residue limit standards with 31 items, followed by EU with 26 items, China with 22 items, CAC and the USA with 5 items. Aiming at the existing problems of maximum residue limit standards for fishery antibacterials in China, this study puts forward suggestions on increasing the basic research of fishery antibacterials, taking a leading role or actively participating in the formulation of fishery antibacterial MRLs, keeping up with the development trend of international standards and strengthening international cooperation and exchange.