菜豆的生长发育及生理特性研究

为明确不同生长类型菜豆花芽分化及生长发育、生理特性的变化规律,以蔓生菜豆‘将军’和矮生菜豆‘热那亚’为材料,比较发育前期菜豆各阶段开始及持续时间,测定绝对生长速率、蛋白质含量和光合指标,观察花芽分化规律和形态结构。结果表明,‘热那亚’苗期和花期持续时间分别比‘将军’少15天和10天;‘热那亚’出苗后15天内绝对生长速率是‘将军’的2.14倍,‘将军’的花期是‘热那亚’的2.12倍;‘热那亚’在出苗后15天开始花芽分化,比‘将军’早2~3天,且该品种多数花芽集中在10天完成分化和发育,比‘将军’缩短一半的时间;‘热那亚’花芽分化期蛋白质含量显著低于‘将军’,花期显著高于‘将军’;但‘热那亚’各时期光合指标均显著高于‘将军’。研究发现,矮生菜豆‘热那亚’花芽分化早,花期短,生长速率先高后低,变化速率较快,且光合速率高于同时期蔓生菜豆‘将军’,可为矮生蔓生菜豆合理种植提供参考。

Study on the Growth,Development and Physiological Characteristics of Common Beans

The study aims to clarify the different growth types of common bean flower bud differentiation, growth and development, and changes in physiological characteristics. By using trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ and dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ as materials, the beginning and duration of each stage in the early development period were compared. The absolute growth rate, protein content and photosynthetic index were determined. In addition, the differentiation regularity and morphological structure of flower buds were observed. The results showed that the duration of the seedling stage and flowering stage of ‘Renaya’ was 15 days and 10 days shorter than those of ‘Jiangjun’ respectively. The absolute growth rate of ‘Renaya’ within 15 days after emergence was 2.14 times that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the flowering stage of ‘Jiangjun’ was 2.12 times that of ‘Renaya’. Time of flower bud differentiation of ‘Renaya’ which was 15 days after emergence was 2-3 days earlier than that of ‘Jiangjun’. Most of the flower buds of ‘Renaya’ completed differentiation and development within 10 days, which was half the time of ‘Jiangjun’. The protein content of ‘Renaya’ during flower bud differentiation was significantly lower than that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the content in flowering stage was observably higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. However, the photosynthetic indicators of ‘Renaya’ in each stage were significantly higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. In conclusion, the dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ has early flower buds differentiation and short flowering period. Its growth rate is first high then low, and the rate of change is relatively fast. ‘Renaya’ also has a higher rate of photosynthesis than the trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ of the same period. This study can provide planting references for dwarf common bean.