纳米硒和壳聚糖复合材料对镉超标土壤中生菜的影响

研究纳米硒、壳聚糖及其配伍施肥对种植于重金属超标土壤生菜的产量、品质和镉含量的影响,以期获得生菜的安全生产条件。结果表明:与对照组相比,施用纳米硒、壳聚糖及其配伍施肥均能显著提高生菜品质,其中鲜重提高了14.08%~53.73%,叶绿素提高2.36%~22.38%,可溶性还原糖含量提高21.95%~407.66%,可溶性蛋白含量提高41.47%~112.73%,而重金属Cd含量降低了9.59%~19.49%。纳米硒与壳聚糖配伍使用均表现较强的协同作用。纳米硒30 mg/L与壳聚糖100 mg/L时,重金属超标土壤中生菜中镉含量最低,产量、品质等指标最好。本研究发现的纳米硒与壳聚糖最佳配比,可作为作物安全生产的营养肥在重金属超标土壤推广应用。

Effects of Nano Selenium and Chitosan Compounds on Lettuce Planted in Cadmium-contaminated Soils

To obtain the safe production conditions of lettuce, the effects of nano selenium, chitosan and their combined fertilization on the yield, quality and cadmium content of lettuce planted in heavy metal contaminated soil were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the application of nano selenium, chitosan and their combination could significantly improve the quality of lettuce, in which the fresh weight increased by 14.08%-53.73%, chlorophyll increased by 2.36%-22.38%, soluble reducing sugar content increased by 21.95%-407.66%, soluble protein content increased by 41.47%-112.73%, and Cd content decreased by 9.59%-19.49%. The combination of nano selenium and chitosan had obvious synergistic effect. When nano selenium was 30 mg/L and chitosan was 100 mg/L, the cadmium content in lettuce was the lowest, and the yield and quality were the best. The optimal ratio of nano selenium and chitosan is found in this study and the compatibility could be used for safe production of crops in soils with excessive heavy metals.