微量元素喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

通过对不同生育期小麦叶面喷施不同浓度微量元素,探究冬小麦对微量元素的吸收和利用。采用大田试验,设置1倍(B1)、50倍(B2)、100倍(B3)和500倍(B4)四个浓度处理（等量水为对照）,喷施时期为苗期(A1)、苗期+拔节期(A2)、苗期+拔节期+扬花期(A3)、拔节期(A4)、拔节期+扬花期(A5)和扬花期(A6),测定成熟期产量及籽粒微量元素含量。不同处理下产量变化范围为3741~6204 kg/hm²,A4B4处理下产量最优,相对于对照产量增加了39.52%。锌(Zn)变化范围为31.07~44.68 mg/kg,A3B1处理下Zn含量最高。铜(Cu)变化范围为1.75~28.67 mg/kg,A1B1处理下Cu含量最高。铁(Fe)变化范围为73.62~203.99 mg/kg,A3B1处理下Fe含量最高。锰(Mn)变化范围为36.48~55.56 mg/kg,A6B4处理下Mn含量最高。相对于对照,Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn含量分别提高了37.86%、1650%、148%和26.82%。拔节期喷施高浓度微量元素对增产最有利,不同喷施时期和喷施浓度影响微量元素的利用效率。

Foliar Spraying of Microelements: Effect on Grain Yield and Trace Element Contents of Wheat Seed

The absorption and utilization of trace elements in winter wheat were studied by spraying different concentrations of trace elements at different stages of wheat growth. A field experiment was designed with 1-fold (B1), 50-fold (B2), 100-fold (B3) and 500-fold (B4) at seedling stage (A1), seedling stage + elongation stage (A2), seedling stage + elongation stage + flowering stage (A3), elongation stage (A4), elongation stage + flowering stage (A5) and flowering stage (A6) by foliar spraying of trace elements (equal amount of water as the control). The yield and trace elements concentration in grains were determined. The yield variation ranged from 3741 to 6204 kg/hm2 under different treatments. The optimal yield was increased by 39.52% compared with that of the control under A4B4 treatment. The variation range of Zn was 31.07-44.68 mg/kg with the highest Zn concentration under A3B1 treatment. Copper (Cu) ranged from 1.75 to 28.67 mg/kg with the highest Cu concentration under A1B1 treatment. The variation range of iron (Fe) was 73.62-203.99 mg/kg with the highest Fe concentration under A3B1 treatment. The variation range of manganese (Mn) was 36.48-55.56 mg/kg with the highest Mn concentration under A6B4 treatment. The contents of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were increased by 37.86%, 1650%, 148% and 26.82% respectively compared with those of the control. Application of high concentration of trace elements at elongation stage is the most beneficial to increase the yield. Different spraying stages and concentrations affect the utilization efficiency of trace elements.