旱地糜子生长、产量及土壤环境对不同覆膜种植方式的响应

研究不同覆膜种植方式对宁南山区旱地糜子生长发育、产量及土壤环境的影响,旨在探索适宜宁南山区旱地糜子生产的有效栽培措施,为糜子产业发展提供理论依据。连续2年通过3种覆膜种植方式（膜上、膜侧及起垄覆膜）,以未覆膜的露地平播为对照,研究分析不同覆膜种植方式下旱地糜子生育期、农艺性状、产量、土壤养分及土壤酶活性垂直分布特征。结果表明：起垄覆膜提高了糜子的株高和生物量,生育期明显缩短,整个生育期内干物质积累量始终大于其他处理,产量显著提高。覆膜种植明显改善了0~40cm土层土壤全氮、全磷及有机碳含量,且随土层加深逐渐变低;覆膜种植显著提高了0~20cm土层土壤脲酶活性,起垄覆膜种植对土壤整体肥力的改善效果最明显。起垄覆膜种植方式可改善土壤水热状况,增强土壤酶活性,促进土壤中营养物质的循环和土壤肥力的提高,是适合宁南干旱半干旱区糜子生产的有效栽培措施。

Responses of Broomcorn Prosomillet Growth,Yield and Soil Environment to Different Film-Mulching Planting Patterns in Dryland

In order to explore effective cultivation measures suitable for the production of broomcorn prosomillet in dryland in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia, and to provide theoretical basis for the development of the prosomillet industry, a research work was conducted based on the analysis of growth period, agronomic traits, yield and vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity under the three different patterns for two consecutive years. We chose three film-mulching planting patterns (ridge planting mode, furrow planting mode and ridging film-mulching mode) as the research objects, and took the flat planting with no film mulching for control. The results showed the ridging film-mulching mode increased the plant height, biomass of broomcorn prosomillet, and shortened the growth period of broomcorn prosomillet significantly, and led to a greater accumulation of dry matter throughout the growing season than other treatments, therefore, the ridging film-mulching mode significantly increased the yield of broomcorn prosomillet. The film-covered planting improved the contents of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the soil organic carbon in 0-40cm soil layers significantly, and the contents of C, N, P decreased gradually with deeper soil layers. The activity of soil urease was improved significantly by film-mulching planting patterns in 0-20cm soil layers, the effects of ridging film-mulching mode on the overall soil fertility and yield of broomcorn prosomillet was most obvious. The ridging film-mulching mode improved soil hydrothermal conditions, enhanced soil enzyme activity, promoted the circulation of nutrients in the soil and improved soil fertility, which was an effective cultivation measure suitable for the production of prosomillet in the arid and semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia.